of body, an attempt towards a compulsory equality
in all circumstances, and an exact practical definition
of the supreme rights in every case, is the most dangerous
and chimerical of all enterprises. The old building
stands well enough, though part Gothic, part Grecian,
and part Chinese, until an attempt is made to square
it into uniformity. Then it may come down upon
our heads altogether, in much uniformity of ruin; and
great will be the fall thereof. Some people,
instead of inclining to debate the matter, only feel
a sort of nausea, when they are told, that “protection
calls for supply,” and that “all the parts
ought to contribute to the support of the whole.”
Strange argument for great and grave deliberation!
As if the same end may not, and must not, be compassed,
according to its circumstances, by a great diversity
of ways. Thus, in Great Britain, some of our
establishments are apt for the support of credit.
They stand therefore upon a principle of their own,
distinct from, and in some respects contrary to, the
relation between prince and subject. It is a
new species of contract superinduced upon the old
contract of the state. The idea of power must
as much as possible be banished from it; for power
and credit are things adverse, incompatible; Non
bene conveniunt, nec in una sede morantur.
Such establishments are our great moneyed companies.
To tax them would be critical and dangerous, and contradictory
to the very purpose of their institution; which is
credit, and cannot therefore be taxation. But
the nation, when it gave up that power, did not give
up the advantage; but supposed, and with reason, that
government was overpaid in credit, for what it seemed
to lose in authority. In such a case to talk of
the rights of sovereignty is quite idle. Other
establishments supply other modes of public contribution.
Our trading companies, as well as individual
importers, are a fit subject of revenue by customs.
Some establishments pay us by a monopoly of
their consumption and their produce. This, nominally
no tax, in reality comprehends all taxes. Such
establishments are our colonies. To tax them
would be as erroneous in policy, as rigorous in equity.
Ireland supplies us by furnishing troops in war; and
by bearing part of our foreign establishment in peace.
She aids us at all times by the money that her absentees
spend amongst us; which is no small part of the rental
of that kingdom. Thus Ireland contributes her
part. Some objects bear port-duties. Some
are fitter for an inland excise. The mode varies,
the object is the same. To strain these from
their old and inveterate leanings, might impair the
old benefit, and not answer the end of the new project.
Among all the great men of antiquity, Procrustes
shall never be my hero of legislation; with his iron
bed, the allegory of his government, and the type
of some modern policy, by which the long limb was
to be cut short, and the short tortured into length.
Such was the state-bed of uniformity! He would,
I conceive, be a very indifferent farmer, who complained
that his sheep did not plough, or his horses yield
him wool, though it would be an idea full of equality.
They may think this right in rustic economy, who think
it available in the politic: