M’Pherson gave the same task to each slave; of course, the weak ones often failed to do it.  I have often seen him tie up persons and flog them in the morning, only because they were unable to get the previous day’s task done; after they were flogged, pork or beef brine was put on their bleeding backs to increase the pain; he sitting by, resting himself, and seeing it done.  After being thus flogged and pickled, the sufferers often remained tied up all day, the feet just touching the ground, the legs tied, and pieces of wood put between the legs.  All the motion allowed was a slight turn of the neck.  Thus exposed and helpless, the yellow flies and musquitoes in great numbers would settle on the bleeding and smarting back, and put the sufferer to extreme torture.  This continued all day, for they were not taken down till night.  In flogging, he would sometimes tie the slave’s shirt over his head, that he might not flinch when the blow was coming; sometimes he would increase his misery, by blustering, and calling out that he was coming to flog again, which he did or did not, as happened.  I have seen him flog them with his own hands till their entrails were visible; and I have seen the sufferers dead when they were taken down.  He never was called to account in any way for it.

It is not uncommon for flies to blow the sores made by flogging; in that case, we get a strong weed growing in those parts, called the Oak of Jerusalem; we boil it at night, and wash the sores with the liquor, which is extremely bitter.  On this the creepers or maggots come out.  To relieve them in some degree, after severe flogging, their fellow-slaves rub their backs with part of their little allowance of fat meat.

For fear the slaves should run away, while unable to work from flogging, he kept them chained till they could work again.  This man had from 500 to 700 men under his control.  When out of other employment, I sometimes worked under him, and saw his doings.  I believe it was the word of this man which gained my freedom.  He is dead, but there are yet others like him on public works.

When the great kindness of Captain Minner had set me clear of Mr. Sawyer, I went to my old occupation of working the canal boats.  These I took on shares, as before.  After a time, I was disabled for a year from following this employment by a severe attack of rheumatism, caught by frequent exposure to severe weather.  I was anxious, however, to be earning something towards the repayment of Captain Minner, lest any accident, unforeseen by him or me, should even yet deprive me of the liberty for which I so longed, and for which I had suffered so much.  I therefore had myself carried in a lighter up a cross canal in the Dismal Swamp, and to the other side of Drummond’s Lake.  I was left on the shore, and there I built myself a little hut, and had provisions brought to me as opportunity served.  Here, among snakes, bears, and panthers, whenever my strength