[54] A small island between Sangir and Tagolanda (Vol.  XI, p. 297).

[55] Sommervogel only mentions two priests of this name in the missions of India, but both of them were of later date.

[56] The supreme pontiff, Gregory XIII, erected the episcopal see of Manila December 21, 1581, with the publication of the bull Fulti praesidio.  Clement VIII elevated it into a metropolitan church August 14, 1591, assigning to it as suffragan, the churches of Cebu, Nueva Segovia, and Nueva Caceres.  To these was added that of Santa Isabel de Paro in 1865, and lastly those of Lipa, Tuguegaras, Capiz, and Zamboanga, in virtue of the apostolic decree Quae in mari sinico, given by Leo XIII at St. Peter’s in Roma, September 17, 1902.—­Pablo Pastells, S.J.

[57] “The balete tree (Ficus Urostigima—­Sp.) corresponds to our witch elm, and certainly at night has a most uncanny appearance.  Each of these great trees has its guardian spirit, or Ticbalan” (Sawyer, Inhabitants of Philippines, pp. 214, 343).  See also Blanco’s Flora, art.  “Ficus.”  Chirino speaks of this tree as having no fruit; he must have observed specimens which bore only sterile flowers.

[58] The Erythrina (indica, Lam.; carnea, Bl.); see Blanco’s Flora, pp. 393, 394, and Delgado’s Historia, pp. 429, 430, for descriptions of this tree (named by them dapdap).

[59] Anona, of several species; one is commonly known as “custard-apple,” another as “sour-sop.”  The species A. squamota (Tagal, Ates) is regarded as producing the best fruit.

[60] A species of wild hog, Sus scropha.  In all the large islands of the Asiatic archipelago may be found wild swine, of various species.  “The flesh of the hog must have formed a principal part of the animal food of the nations and tribes of the archipelago before the conversion to Mohammedanism.  It did so with the people of the Philippine Islands on the arrival of the Spaniards, and it does so still with all the rude tribes, and even with the Hindoos of Bali and Lomboc” (Crawfurd’s Dictionary, pp. 152, 153).  See Zuniga’s Estadismo (Retana’s ed.), ii, p. 438.*

[61] The Haraya is a Visayan dialect.

[62] That is, the most important things which happen to men in leaving this world—­death, judgment, heaven, and hell; this subject is also included under the term “eschatology.”

[63] They were Fathers Alonso de Humanes, superior, Juan del Campo, Mateo Sanchez, Juan de Ribera, Cosme de Flores, Tomas de Montoya, Juan Bosque, and Diego Sanchez.  They left Acapulco March 22, and cast anchor at Cavite June 10.  Dr. Morga, appointed by virtue of a royal decree, given at El Escorial, August 18, 1593, left Cadiz with his wife and six children in February, 1594, and Acapulco on the same date as the above-mentioned fathers.  Under his charge was the aid for the islands, taken to Manila by the galleons “San Felipe” and “Santiago.”—­Pablo Pastells, S.J.