The abundance of the labors of primitive woman seems to be accounted for further by the fact that a stationary life is the condition of a greater variety of industrial expressions than a life inclined to motor expressions.  It is notorious that a wandering life is not favorable to the development of industries.  Industries, in their very nature, handle and shape stationary stuffs, for the most part, and woman developed the constructive or industrial activities as a simple consequence of her more stationary condition of life.  The formation of habit is largely a matter of attention, and the attention of woman being limited by her bodily habit and the presence of children to objects lying closer at hand, her energies found expression in connection with these objects.

First of all, the house was identified with woman.  The home was, in its simplest terms, the place where the wandering male rejoined the female.  It was a cave, or a hollow tree, or a frail structure.  It was sought or made with reference to safety and comfort, particularly with reference to the comfort of the young.  Recognizing the greater interest of the woman in the child, it is evident that shelter was a more important consideration to her than to the man.  The house is, indeed, a very fit accompaniment of the stationary habit of woman, and usually we find the most primitive tribes recognizing her greater interest in it.  Even when the houses are built by men, they are generally owned by the women.  Man as a solitary animal might, of course, make himself a shelter, but he had a particular interest in being about the shelter of woman, and it was under her shelter, after all, that children were born and that society accumulated numbers.  This resulted in the maternal system and the recognition of woman as the head of the household, and the owner of the house.  So, when the Indian squaw carries the wigwam on the march, she is carrying her private property and one of her own particular appurtenances.  Contrary to the phrase which I quoted above, man is rather, in the sense in which I am now speaking, the domesticated animal.  He has been inducted into the family.  The estufas of the Pueblo Indians and the men’s clubhouses in Africa represent the failure of men to assimilate completely in a society which was essentially female in its genius, and the club still stands for a difference in interest between the male and the female.

From the house, or shelter, as a base, woman got such connections with food as she might.  For it is an error to suppose that she was in the most primitive times entirely dependent on man for food.  She appears to have been quite as active in developing food surroundings in her way as man was in his.  The plant world gave her the best returns for the effort which she could make.  She beat out the seeds of plants, digged out the roots and tubers which the monkeys and pigs were seen to grub for most eagerly,[174] strained the poisonous juices from the cassava and