1.  The following examples are cited, among many others in the statutes of the city of Padua: 

The town of Padua binds itself to make loans to scholars, according to the quality of the scholars, upon good and sufficient securities or bonds worth a third more than the loan, and upon the oath and promise of the scholars that they accept the loan on their own account and for their own use in meeting their personal expenses and not for any other person or persons or for the use of others. (1260 A.D.)

Every six months the Chief Magistrate of Padua shall appoint two money lenders for the scholars,—­judges or laymen at the will of the Rector of the scholars—­who shall have charge of the town’s money that is to be loaned to the scholars.  And they shall, in the name of the town, make loans to the scholars in accordance with the statutes and the agreement of the scholars, and at their own risk entirely, so that the town of Padua shall not incur loss.  And the money lenders shall themselves deposit in the town treasury good and sufficient security as to this. (1268.)

     Scholars shall be regarded as citizens with regard to matters
     advantageous, but not with regard to matters disadvantageous to
     them. (1261.)

     Scholars shall not be required to pay the tolloneum (i.e. taxes
     on imports, collected at the city gates). (1262.)[51]

2.  A generation preceding the date of these statutes a large part of the university, dissatisfied with its treatment at Padua, migrated to Vercelli, more than one hundred and fifty miles away.  The contract (1228 A.D.) between the rectors of the university and the proctors representing the town contains numerous privileges, among which are the following: 

Likewise the aforesaid proctors have promised in the name of the town of Vercelli that the town will loan to the scholars, and to the university of scholars, the sum of ten thousand pounds, papal money, at the rate of two pence for two years, and thereafter three pence for six years [under proper security.  The customary rate seems to have been four pence.] ...  Likewise, when a scholar shall have paid the money loaned to him, the town of Vercelli will retain that amount in the common treasury as principal, and from it will help some other needy scholar under the same agreement and similar conditions. ...  Likewise, the town of Vercelli will not allow provisions within the town limits to be withdrawn from their markets [in order to raise the price?] but will cause them to be delivered in the city in good faith, and will cause them to be put on sale twice a week.... [Also one thousand bushels of grain shall be put in the city granary and sold to scholars at cost in time of need.] ...  Likewise the town of Vercelli shall provide salaries [for professors] which shall be deemed competent by two scholars and two townsmen, and if they disagree