themselves practically in a body to the larger cities in various districts.  But the largest part of them chose the metropolitan city of Angers for their university instruction.  Thus, then, withdrawing from the City of Paris, the nurse of Philosophy and the foster mother of Wisdom, the clerks execrated the Roman Legate and cursed the womanish arrogance of the Queen, nay, also, their infamous unanimity [in the matter]....

At length, through the efforts of discreet persons, it was worked out that, certain things being done to meet the situation as required by the faults on both sides, peace was made up between the clerks and citizens and the whole body of scholars was recalled.[47]

Not infrequently a university which had decreed a cessation was invited to establish itself elsewhere.  The cessation at Paris in 1229 was followed by an urgent invitation from the King of England: 

The King; Greeting to the Masters and the whole body of scholars at Paris.  Humbly sympathizing with the exceeding tribulations and distresses which you have suffered at Paris under an unjust law, we wish by our pious aid, with reverence to God and His holy church, to restore your status to its proper condition of liberty.  Wherefore we have concluded to make known to your entire body that if it shall be your pleasure to transfer yourselves to our kingdom of England and to remain there to study we will for this purpose assign to you cities, boroughs, towns, whatsoever you may wish to select, and in every fitting way will cause you to rejoice in a state of liberty and tranquillity which should please God and fully meet your needs.

     In testimony of which &c.  Witnessed by the King at Reading, July
     16. [1229].[48]

(e) The Right of Teaching everywhere (Jus ubique docendi)

Masters and Doctors of the three leading universities, Paris, Bologna, and Oxford, were early recognized as qualified to teach anywhere without further examination, by virtue of the superior instruction given at those institutions.  Their degrees were in strictness merely licenses to teach within the dioceses in which they were granted.  The recognition of these licenses elsewhere grew up as a matter of custom, not by any express authorization.  At least one other university (Padua, founded 1222) acquired the privilege in the same way.  Later universities,—­or the cities in which they were established,—­desiring to gain equal prestige for their graduates, obtained from the Pope or from the Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire bulls conferring upon them the same privilege.  Even Paris and Bologna formally received it from the Pope in 1292.  “From this time the notion gradually gained ground that the jus ubique docendi was of the essence of a Studium Generale, and that no school which did not possess it could obtain it without a Bull from Emperor or Pope.”  “It was usually but not quite invariably, conferred in