(b) Strena,—­the first gift which is given at the beginning of the Calendar[K].  It is given for a good omen.  XXV. quaest. ulti. non observetis.

It is called Strena as if from sine threna, i.e. without lamentation.

(c) Sportula (a gift) which is given for fables of Saturn, or for celebrating the festival of Saturn, or for games of Saturn,—­for good luck.

     ...he trained not his sons (d) in every form of improving
     discipline, he fell prostrate and died.

     (Also from the replies of Pope Urban to Charles, Chapt. 48).

     Palea [Paucapalea, a pupil of Gratian]: 

Heretics, when disputing,[L] place the whole strength of their wits upon the dialectic art, which, in the judgment of philosophers, is defined as having the power not of aiding but of destroying study.  But the dialectic art was not pleasing[M] to God the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit, for the Kingdom of God is in the simplicity of faith, not in contentious speech.

     Also Rabanus on the Afflictions of the Church: 

     The blessed Jerome is beaten by an angel because he was reading
     the works of Cicero.

We read about the blessed Jerome that when he was reading the works (e) of Cicero he was chidden by an angel because, being a Christian man, he was devoting himself to the productions of the pagans.

     [The discussion which follows, to “Hence Bede,” etc., p. 66, is
     attributed, in modern editions, to Gratian.]

     Hence, too, the prodigal son in the Gospel is blamed because he
     would fain have filled his belly with the husks (f) which the
     swine did eat.

     Hence, too, Origen understands by the flies and frogs with which
     the Egyptians were smitten, the empty garrulousness of the
     dialecticians and their sophistical arguments.

     From all which instances it is gathered that knowledge of profane
     literature is not to be sought after by churchmen.

     But, on the other hand[N] one reads that Moses and Daniel were
     learned in all the wisdom of the Egyptians and Chaldeans.

One reads also that God ordered the sons of Israel to spoil (g) the Egyptians of their gold and silver; the moral interpretation of this teaches that should we find in the poets either the gold of wisdom or the silver of eloquence, we should turn it to the profit of useful learning.  In Leviticus also we are ordered to ...

(d) Such a one is rejected by the evidence, as VI. quaest.  I. qui crimen.  Also, he cannot be a bishop.  As XLVIII. dist.  Sec. necesse.  Nay he is called a dog rather than a bishop.  As II. quaest.  VII. qui nee.  John.

(e) Because he read them for pleasure not for instruction, as de conse. dist.  V. non mediocriter.