III.  THE RISE OF UNIVERSITIES 13

1.  Teachers and Students of the Twelfth Century
(a) Abelard                                            13
(b) John of Salisbury                                  25
2.  The New Method                                         35
3.  The New Studies                                        37
(a) The Works of Aristotle                             40
(b) Roman Law                                          49
(c) Canon Law                                          55
(d) Theology                                           76
(e) Medicine                                           78
(f) Other University Text-books                        78
4.  University Privileges                                  80
(a) Special Protection by the Sovereign                81
(b) The Right of Trial in Special Courts               86
(c) Exemption from Taxation                            88
(d) The Privilege of Suspending Lectures (Cessatio)    92
(e) The Right of Teaching Everywhere
(Jus ubique docendi)                                96
(f) Privileges Granted by a Municipality               98
(g) The Influence of Mediaeval Privileges
on Modern Universities                            101
5.  Universities Founded by the Initiative of Civil
or Ecclesiastical Powers                              102

IV.  UNIVERSITY EXERCISES 107

(a) The Lecture 107 (b) The Disputation 115 (c) The Examination 124 (d) A Day’s Work in 1476 132 (e) Time-table of Lectures at Leipzig, 1519 132

  V. Requirements for the degrees in arts 135

1.  Paris, 1254 136 2.  Paris, 1366 138 3.  Oxford, 1267 and (?) 1408 138 4.  Leipzig, A.B., 1410 139 5.  Leipzig, A.M., 1410 139 6.  Leipzig, A.B. and A.M., 1519 134

 VI.  Academic letters 141

1.  Letters Relating to Paris                             141
2.  Two Oxford Letters of the Fifteenth Century           149

READINGS IN THE HISTORY OF EDUCATION

I

INTRODUCTION