[Illustration]

2 To describe a Polar Planisphaere, draw a circle (ACBD) on the center (E) & as before, inscribe in it two diameters (AB) and (BC) cutting each other at right angles, and the circle into foure quadrants.  Each quadrant being deuided into 90. parts, draw from euery 5^{th} or 10^{th} of those parts a diameter to the opposite point:  these lines all concurring in the center (E) being the pole, are as so many Meridians.  Next, hauing cutt the halfe of any one of the former diameters into 9 parts, as (ED) in the points (FGHIKLMN) draw on the center (E) so many circles and these represent the paralells of the Globe, being also here true paralells.

[Illustration]

CAP. 5.

Of divers Distinctions, and Divisions of the earth.

Next after the Circles of the Earth, wee may not vnfitly handle the seuerall Divisions and distinctions which geographers make of the parts, and inhabitants of the earth.  These are many, but wee will briefely runne them ouer.

1 The first and most plaine is by the Coasts of the Heauens, and
rising, and Setting of the Sunne, so it is distinguished into the
    { East where the Sunne ariseth. Oreins, Ortus
    { [Greek:  anatole].
    { West where the Sunne goeth downe. occidens.
    { North:  betweene both fromwards the Sunne at Noone.
    { Septentrio.
    { South:  betweene both towards the Sun at Noone.
    { Meridies. 
These foure are called the cheife or Cardinall quarters of the
world.  They with the others betweene them are easily knowne but
are of more vse to Mariners then to vs.  Wee may rather take
notice of those other names which by Astronomers Geographers
Divines and Poets are giuen vnto them.  Who sometime call the East
the right hand part of the world, sometime the West, sometime the
North, & sometime South, the diuersity is noted in these verses,
    Ad Boream terrae, Sed Coeli mensor ad Austrum,
    Praeco Dei exortum videt, occasumque Poeta.
That is
    Geographers looke to the North, Astronomers to the South. 
    Priests turne them to the East, & Poets to the West. 
This serues for vnderstanding of Authors, wherein any mention is
made of the right or left part of the World, if for example he be
a poet, he means the South by the right hand, the North by the
left:  because a poet turnes his face to the West, and so reckons
the quarters of Heauen and Earth.

2 The second distinction is by the notable differences of heat and cold, that are observed on the earth, this is the division of the Earth by Zones or Girdles, which are parts of the Earth, wherin heat and cold doe remarkably increase or decrease.  Those Zones are 5.

1 The hot or burning Zone (Zona torrida) which containes all that space of earth, that lieth betwtene the two Tropicks, supposed heretofore (but falsly as after experience hath shewed) to be inhabitable by reason of heat, the Sunne continually lying ouer some part of it.