[A] Annales de Chimie, tom. xxviii. p 190; and Memoires de Geneve.

  [B] Philosophical Transactions, 1826, p. 413.

  [C] Annales de Chimie, tom. xxxiii. pp. 117, 119, &c.

  [D] Journal de Physique, tom. lvii. pp. 319, 350.

P v. General Remarks on the active Voltaic Battery.

1034.  When the ordinary voltaic battery is brought into action, its very activity produces certain effects, which re-act upon it, and cause serious deterioration of its power.  These render it an exceedingly inconstant instrument as to the quantity of effect which it is capable of producing.  They are already, in part, known and understood; but as their importance, and that of certain other coincident results, will be more evident by reference to the principles and experiments already stated and described, I have thought it would be useful, in this investigation of the voltaic pile, to notice them briefly here.

1035.  When the battery is in action, it causes such substances to be formed and arranged in contact with the plates as very much weaken its power, or even tend to produce a counter current.  They are considered by Sir Humphry Davy as sufficient to account for the phenomena of Ritter’s secondary piles, and also for the effects observed by M.A.  De la Rive with interposed platina plates[A].

  [A] Philosophical Transactions, 1826, p. 113.

1036.  I have already referred to this consequence (1003.), as capable, in some cases, of lowering the force of the current to one-eighth or one-tenth of what it was at the first moment, and have met with instances in which its interference was very great.  In an experiment in which one voltaic pair and one interposed platina plate were used with dilute sulphuric acid in the cells fig. 103, the wires of communication were so arranged, that the end of that marked 3 could be placed at pleasure upon paper moistened in the solution of iodide of potassium at x, or directly upon the platina plate there.  If, after an interval during which the circuit had not been complete, the wire 3 were placed upon the paper, there was evidence of a current, decomposition ensued, and the galvanometer was affected.  If the wire 3 were made to touch the metal of p, a comparatively strong sudden current was produced, affecting the galvanometer, but lasting only for a moment; the effect at the galvanometer ceased, and if the wire 3 were placed on the paper at x, no signs of decomposition occurred.  On raising the wire 3, and breaking the circuit altogether for a while, the apparatus resumed its first power, requiring, however, from five to ten minutes for this purpose; and then, as before, on making contact between 3 and p, there was again a momentary current, and immediately all the effects apparently ceased.