the first step in the process of re-education.  The analyst then assumes the role of educator, cutting away old shackles, breaking down false standards, building up new complexes, showing the patient the naturalness of his desires, inducing him to look at them as biologic facts, and showing him how to sublimate those which may not find direct expression; in fact, leading him out into the self-expression of a free, unhampered life.[45]

[Footnote 45:  “It will be readily understood that in the reconstruction of the shattered purposes, the frustrated hopes and the outraged instincts which are found to lie at the source of those human woes we call ‘nervous disorders,’ there takes place a gradual transposition of values, a total recasting of ideas, and that through the whole process, education in the deepest meaning of the word, enters at last into its full sovereign rights.”—­Trigant Burrow.]

Among my patients at one time was a woman subject to terrible fits of despondency.  She was happily married and enjoyed the marriage relationship, but could not free herself from a terrible sense of guilt and degradation, a sense which was so acute that she wanted to end her life.  Although she was an active member of a church, she was starving for the real message of the church, continually bound by a feeling of aloofness which made her a stranger in the midst of friends.  Psycho-analysis revealed an experience of her childhood which she had kept a secret all these years.  It seems that when she was seven years of age an old minister had driven her into town and had made some sort of sex-approach on the way.  Although ignorant of its significance, the child was badly frightened and overcome with a sense of guilt.  She had already inferred that such subjects were not to be mentioned and she hesitated long before telling even her mother.  Smoldering within her through the years had been this emotional complex about the sex-life and about people connected with a church, so that even as a grown woman the relationships of her mature years were completely ruined by her old childish reaction.  With insight as to the cause of her trouble, she was able to modify her attitudes and to live a free and happy life.

Several years ago there came to me a man of exceptional intellectual ability, who for years had been totally incapacitated because of blind resistances built up in childhood.  Although married to a woman whom he thoroughly liked and admired, he was absolutely miserable in his married life.  He had, in fact, a deep-rooted complex against marriage, and had only allowed himself to be captured because the woman, with whom he had been good friends, had cried when he refused to marry her.  During analysis it transpired that as a little boy of four he had often seen his silly young mother cry because she could not have a new dress.  He had taken her side and bitterly felt that she was abused by his father.  Later, at six, he had heard some coarse stories about sex to