friend.”  No woman ever retained the affections of a husband superior to herself, unless she had the spirit of Cadijeh,—­unless she proved herself his friend, and believed in him.  How miserable the life of Jane Carlyle would have been had she not been proud of her husband!  One reason why there is frequent unhappiness in married life is because there is no mutual appreciation.  How often have we seen a noble, lofty, earnest man fettered and chained by a frivolous woman who could not be made to see the dignity and importance of the labors which gave to her husband all his real power!  Not so with the woman who assisted Mohammed.  Without her sympathy and faith he probably would have failed.  He told her, and her alone, his dreams, his ecstasies, his visions; how that God at different times had sent prophets and teachers to reveal new truths, by whom religion had been restored; how this one God, who created the heavens and the earth, had never left Himself without witnesses of His truth in the most degenerate times; how that the universal recognition of this sovereign Power and Providence was necessary to the salvation of society.  He had learned much from the study of the Talmud and the Jewish Scriptures; he had reflected deeply in his isolated cave; he knew that there was but one supreme God, and that there could be no elevated morality without the sense of personal responsibility to Him; that without the fear of this one God there could be neither wisdom nor virtue.

Hence his soul burned to tell his countrymen his earnest belief in a supreme and personal God, to whom alone prayers should be made, and who alone could rescue by His almighty power.  He pondered day and night on this single and simple truth.  His perpetual meditations and ascetic habits induced dreams and ecstasies, such as marked primitive monks, and Loyala in his Manresan cave.  He became a visionary man, but most intensely earnest, for his convictions were overwhelming.  He fancied himself the ambassador of this God, as the ancient Jewish prophets were; that he was even greater than they, his mission being to remove idolatry,—­to his mind the greatest evil under the sun, since it was the root of all vices and follies.  Idolatry is either a defiance or a forgetfulness of God,—­high treason to the majesty of Heaven, entailing the direst calamities.

At last, one day, in his fortieth year, after he had been shut up a whole month in solitude, so that his soul was filled with ecstasy and enthusiasm, he declared to Cadijeh that the night before, while wrapped in his mantle, absorbed in reverie, a form of divine beauty, in a flood of light, appeared to him, and, in the name of the Almighty who created the heavens and the earth, thus spake:  “O, Mohammed! of a truth thou art the Prophet of God, and I am his angel Gabriel.”  “This,” says Carlyle, “is the soul of Islam.  This is what Mohammed felt and now declared to be of infinite moment, that idols and formulas were nothing; that the jargon of argumentative Greek sects, the vague traditions of Jews, the stupid routine of Arab idolatry were a mockery and a delusion; that there is but one God; that we must let idols alone and look to Him.  He alone is reality; He made us and sustains us.  Our whole strength lies in submission to Him.  The thing He sends us, be it death even, is good, is the best.  We resign ourselves to Him.”