FLOTOW.

Friedrich von Flotow was born April 27, 1812, in the duchy of Mecklenberg-Schwerin, and in 1827 went to Paris, where he studied music under Reicha.  His first work was “Stradella,” a mere sketch in its original form, which was brought out at the Palais Royal in 1837; but his first public success was made in 1839, with his opera, “Le Naufrage de la Meduse,” which had a run, and was afterwards produced in Germany under the title of “Die Matrosen.”  “L’Esclave de Camoens” appeared in Paris in 1843; “Stradella,” rewritten as an opera, in Hamburg (1844); “L’Ame en peine,” in Paris (1846); “Martha,” in Vienna (1847).  The works of his later period, which never equalled his earlier ones in popularity, were “Die Grossfuerstin” (1850); “Indra” (1853); “Rubezahl” (1854); “Hilda” (1855); “Der Mueller von Meran” (1856); “La Veuve Grapin” (1859); “L’Ombre” (1869); “Naida” (1873); “Il Flor d’Harlem” (1876); and “Enchanteresse” (1878).  Of these later works, “L’Ombre” was the most successful, and was received with favor in France, Italy, Spain, and England, in which latter country it was performed under the title of “The Phantom.”  In 1856 he received the appointment of Intendant of the theatre of the Grand Duke of Mecklenberg, and he entered upon his duties with high hopes of making the theatre exercise the same influence upon music in Germany as the Weimar stage; but court intrigues and rivalries of artists so disgusted him that he resigned in 1863 and went to Paris, and a few years later to Vienna, where he took up his abode.  Outside of a few of his operas his works are little known, though he composed a “Fackeltanz,” some incidental music to the “Winter’s Tale” of Shakspeare, and several overtures, songs, and chamber-pieces.  An interesting episode in his career occurred in 1838, when he brought out an opera in three acts, the “Duc de Guise,” at the Theatre de la Renaissance, the libretto based upon Dumas’s “Henri III.”  The performance was organized by the Princess Czartoryska, for the benefit of the Poles.  Mme. de Lagrange made her debut in a leading part, and the parts of the choristers were filled by duchesses and princesses of the Faubourg St. Germain, upon whose persons two million dollars worth of diamonds were blazing,—­sufficient evidence that the performance was brilliant in at least one sense.  He died at Wiesbaden, Jan. 24, 1883.

MARTHA.

“Martha,” an opera in three acts, libretto by St. Georges, translated into German by Friedrich, was first produced at Vienna, Nov. 25, 1847, with Mlle. Anna Zerr in the title-role, Herr Ander as Lionel, and Carl Formes as Plunkett.  It was first produced in English and Italian at London in 1858, and in French at Paris in 1865.  The history of its origin is interesting.  M. de St. Georges, at the request of the manager of the Paris Grand Opera, wrote in 1842 the libretto to a ballet entitled “Lady