“In the age-period of 18 to 30 would fall that pseudo-educational monstrosity, the undergraduate university, and the degrading popular activities of ‘beginning a business’ or ‘picking up a trade.’  Much money must be spent here.  Perhaps few fields of activity have been conventionalized as much as university education.  Here, just where a superficial theorist would expect to find enthusiasm, emancipated minds, and hope, is found fear, convention, a mean instinct-life, no spirit of adventure, little curiosity, in general no promise of preparedness.  No wonder philosophical idealism flourishes and Darwin is forgotten.

“The first two years of University life should be devoted to the Science of Human Behavior.  Much of to-day’s biology, zooelogy, history, if it is interpretive, psychology, if it is behavioristic, philosophy, if it is pragmatic, literature, if it had been written involuntarily, would find its place here.  The last two years could be profitably spent in appraising with that ultimate standard of value gained in the first two years, the various institutions and instruments used by civilized man.  All instruction would be objective, scientific, and emancipated from convention—­wonderful prospect!

“In industrial labor and in business employments a new concept, a new going philosophy must be unreservedly accepted, which has, instead of the ideal of forcing the human beings to mould their habits to assist the continued existence of the inherited order of things, an ideal of moulding all business institutions and ideas of prosperity in the interests of scientific evolutionary aims and large human pleasures.  As Pigou has said, ‘Environment has its children as well as men.’  Monotony in labor, tedium in officework, time spent in business correspondence, the boredom of running a sugar refinery, would be asked to step before the bar of human affairs and get a health standardization.  To-day industry produces goods that cost more than they are worth, are consumed by persons who are degraded by the consuming; it is destroying permanently the raw-material source which, science has painfully explained, could be made inexhaustible.  Some intellectual revolution must come which will de-emphasize business and industry and re-emphasize most other ways of self-expression.

“In Florence, around 1300, Giotto painted a picture, and the day it was to be hung in St. Mark’s, the town closed down for a holiday, and the people, with garlands of flowers and songs, escorted the picture from the artist’s studio to the church.  Three weeks ago I stood, in company with 500 silent, sallow-faced men, at a corner on Wall Street, a cold and wet corner, till young Morgan issued from J.P.  Morgan & Company, and walked 20 feet to his carriage.—­We produce, probably, per capita, 1000 times more in weight of ready-made clothing, Irish lace, artificial flowers, terra cotta, movie-films, telephones, and printed matter than those Florentines did, but we