CHAPTER X. —­ THE THIRD VOYAGE.

LETTER TO THE KING AND QUEEN—­DISCOVERY OF TRINIDAD AND PARIA—­CURIOUS SPECULATION AS TO THE EARTHLY PARADISE—­ARRIVAL AT SAN DOMINGO—­REBELLIONS AND MUTINIES IN THAT ISLAND—­ROLDAN AND HIS FOLLOWERS—­OJEDA AND HIS EXPEDITION—­ARRIVAL OF BOBADILLA—­COLUMBUS A PRISONER.

For the narrative of the third voyage, we are fortunate in having once more a contemporary account by Columbus himself.  The more important part of his expedition was partly over when he was able to write a careful letter to the king and queen, which is still preserved.  It is lighted up by bursts of the religious enthusiasm which governed him from the beginning.  All the more does it show the character of the man, and it impresses upon us, what is never to be forgotten, the mixture in his motive of the enthusiasm of a discoverer, the eager religious feeling which might have quickened a crusader, and the prospects of what we should call business adventure, by which he tries to conciliate persons whose views are less exalted than his own.

In addressing the king and queen, who are called “very high and very powerful princes,” he reminds them that his undertaking to discover the West Indies began in the inspiration of the Holy Spirit, which appointed him as a messenger for this enterprise.  He asks them to remember that he has always addressed them as with that intention.

He reminds them of the seven or eight years in which he was urging his cause and that it was not enough that he should have showed the religious side of it, that he was obliged to argue for the temporal view as well.  But their decision, for which he praises them indirectly, was made, he says, in the face of the ridicule of all, excepting the two priests, Marcheza and the Archbishop of Segovia.  “And everything will pass away excepting the word of God, who spoke so clearly of these lands by the voice of Isaiah in so many places, affirming that His name should be divulged to the nations from Spain.”  He goes on in a review of the earlier voyages, and after this preface gives his account of the voyage of 1498.

They sailed from Santa Lucca the thirtieth of May, and went down to Madeira to avoid the hostile squadron of the French who were awaiting him at Cape St. Vincent.  In the history by Herrara, of another generation, this squadron is said to be Portuguese.  From Maderia, they passed to the Canary Islands, from which, with one ship and two caravels, he makes his voyage, sending the other three vessels to Hispaniola.  After making the Cape de Verde Islands, he sailed southwest.  He had very hot weather for eight days, and in the hope of finding cooler weather changed his course to the westward.

On the thirty-first of July, they made land, which proved to be the cape now known as Galeota, the southeastern cape of the island of Trinidad.  The country was as green at this season as the orchards of Valencia in March.  Passing five leagues farther on, he lands to refit his vessels and take on board wood and water.  The next day a large canoe from the east, with twenty-four men, well armed, appeared.