At that time there was an old man who lived in Florence, a city of Italy.  His name was Toscanelli.  He was a great scholar and studied the stars and made maps, and was a very wise man.  Columbus knew what a wise old scholar Toscanelli was, for Florence is not very far from Genoa.  So while he was living in the Azores he wrote to this old scholar asking him what he thought about his idea that a man could sail around the world until he reached the land called the Indies and at last found Cathay.

Toscanelli wrote to Columbus saying that he believed his idea was the right one, and he said it would be a grand thing to do, if Columbus dared to try it.  Perhaps, he said, you can find all those splendid things that I know are in Cathay—­the great cities with marble bridges, the houses of marble covered with gold, the jewels and the spices and the precious stones, and all the other wonderful and magnificent things.  I do not wonder you wish to try, he said, for if you find Cathay it will be a wonderful thing for you and for Portugal.

That settled it with Columbus.  If this wise old scholar said he was right, he must be right.  So he left his home in the Azores and went to Portugal.  This was in 1475, and from that time on, for seventeen long years he was trying to get some king or prince to help him sail to the West to find Cathay.

But not one of the people who could have helped him, if they had really wished to, believed in Columbus.  As I told you, they said that he was crazy.  The king of Portugal, whose name was John, did a very unkind thing—­I am sure you would call it a mean trick.  Columbus had gone to him with his story and asked for ships and sailors.  The king and his chief men refused to help him; but King John said to himself, perhaps there is something in this worth looking after and, if so, perhaps I can have my own people find Cathay and save the money that Columbus will want to keep for himself as his share of what he finds.  So one day he copied off the sailing directions that Columbus had left with him, and gave them to one of his own captains without letting Columbus know anything about it, The Portuguese captain sailed away to the West in the direction Columbus had marked down, but a great storm came up and so frightened the sailors that they turned around in a hurry.  Then they hunted up Columbus and began to abuse him for getting them into such a scrape.  You might as well expect to find land in the sky, they said, as in those terrible waters.

And when, in this way, Columbus found out that King John had tried to use his ideas without letting him know anything about it, he was very angry.  His wife had died in the midst of this mean trick of the Portuguese king, and so, taking with him his little five-year-old son, Diego, he left Portugal secretly and went over into Spain.