[Footnote 52:  These girls are not employed under the bonus and task system.  But it is interesting to observe that they may either sit or stand to iron, as they prefer.]

[Footnote 53:  The men folders at the heaviest work here now receive with the bonus from $14 to $17 a week.]

[Footnote 54:  A worker does not lose her regular wage if she is stopped by a breakage.  Her time-card is altered.  And she has credit on a time basis for the period while the machine is not running.  A breakage in the first machine of a tandem pair stops both sewers.  But a breakage in the second means that work piles up for the second sewer, and unless she makes it up, she will prevent her companion from earning a bonus, though not a time wage.]

[Footnote 55:  The management, on learning of this, said the practice would be stopped at once.]

[Footnote 56:  “The cotton as it grows in the field becomes more or less filled with blown dust....  Lint is given off in all processes up to and including spinning....  The only practical way to keep down the dust in all of these operations is by frequent sweeping and mopping the floor and wiping off the machinery.”  Report on Condition of Women and Child Wage-earners in the United States.  Vol.  I, p. 365.

“What degree of moisture is safely permissible from the standpoint of the operatives’ health is an unsettled question....  When the operative after a day’s work in a humid and relaxing atmosphere goes into one relatively drier, the assault on the delicate membrane of the air-passages is sharp.  The effect of these changes is greatly to lower the vital resistance and make the worker especially susceptible to pulmonary, bronchial, or catarrhal affections.  It is very possible that the dust and lint present in the mill have been credited with effects which are due in part to these atmospheric conditions.”  Report on Condition of Women and Child Wage-earners in the United States.  Vol.  I, p. 362.]

[Footnote 57:  Besides, work had lately been slack, and this had further decreased the wages.]

[Footnote 58:  Since visiting the New Jersey cotton mill, the present writer has seen spool tenders at work at a machine requiring no stooping, and provided with a board below the bobbins, placed at such a height, that the worker can relieve her position while standing by resting her weight against the board, above one knee and then above the other.]

[Footnote 59:  At the same time work was slack so that week wages had dropped to $3 and $4.]

[Footnote 60:  One of the girls issues batches of tickets.  Another girl unfolds one end of certain of the packages, and inserts a ticket and stamps an outside label, to accord with the invoice system of some of the purchasers.  These girls had received before $5.40 and $4.84 a week, respectively, and now receive, the one $5.73, and the other between $5 and $6.]

[Footnote 61:  All the firms have rest rooms for the girls.  The Delaware firm and the New Jersey cotton mill have pleasant lunch-rooms, where an excellent lunch is provided at cost.]