[Illustration:  RUIN—­BLACKWATER.]

[Illustration:  TULLY CASTLE, COUNTY FERMANAGH.]

FOOTNOTES: 

[444] Dr. Saunders.—­He has given a full and most interesting account of this expedition, in a letter to the Roman court.  The original has been printed by Monsignor Moran, in his Archbishops, a work which every reader should possess.

[445] Dr. Allen.—­He was a medical man, and was killed in an engagement immediately after the arrival of the expedition.

[446] Camp.—­Dr. Saunders’ letter, Moran’s Archbishops, p. 202.

[447] Official.—­Lord Grey says, in his official despatch to the Queen, dated “From the camp before Smerwick, November 12, 1580:”  “I sent streighte certeyne gentlemen to see their weapons and armouries laid down, and to guard the munition and victual, then left, from spoil; then put in certeyne bandes, who streighte fell to execution.  There were 600 slayn.”  After this exploit, “Grey’s faith”—­Graia fides—­became proverbial even on the Continent.  Grey appears to have a touch of the Puritan (by anticipation) in his composition, for we find him using very unctuous language about one John Cheeke, who “so wrought in him God’s Spirit, plainlie declairing him a child of His elected;” and he calls the Pope “a detestable shaveling.”  Raleigh is said to have had the execution of this butchery; his friend, Spenser, was “not far off,” according to his own account.  He has attempted to excuse his patron, Lord Grey, but his excuse simply shows that the massacre was reprobated by all persons not destitute of common humanity.

[448] Castle.—­The Four Masters give a detailed account of this treachery, taken from the life of Hugh Roe O’Donnell, which was written by one of themselves.  A copy of this work, in the handwriting of Edward O’Reilly, is still preserved in the Library of the Royal Irish Academy.

[449] Him.—­This document was written by Captain Lee, and presented to the Queen in 1594.  It is printed in Desiderata Curiosa Hibernica, vol. ii. p. 91.

[450] Deputy.—­Four Masters, vol. vi. p. 1878.  The State Papers clearly prove the Deputy’s guilt.

[451] Hanged.—­It was usual to hang the Franciscans by their own cord, or to tie them together with their cords and hurl them from the summit of a tower or from a high rock into the sea.

[452] Behalf.—­The Four Masters give copious details of this important engagement, which O’Donovan has supplemented with copious notes, vol. vi. pp.2061-2075.

[453] Victories.—­The victory of the Blackwater was hailed with salvos of artillery from S. Angelo.  The Pope and Philip III. of Spain corresponded with O’Neill constantly, the one about the affairs of the Church, the other with generous offers of assistance.  At one time the Emperor sent him 22,000 crowns of gold.