[Illustration:  KEIM-AN-EIGH.]

[Illustration:  WICKLOW MOUNTAINS.]

FOOTNOTES: 

[285] Irish Brooch.—­The brooch figured above is of great antiquity.  It was found in the Ardkillen crannoge, near Strokestown, county Roscommon.  The original is in the Royal Irish Academy, and is considered the finest specimen of bronze workmanship in the collection.

[286] Standing.—­Four Masters, vol. iii. p. 5, note m.

[287] Mills.—­Dame-street derived its name from a dam or mill-stream near it.  There was also the gate of Blessed Mary del Dam.  The original name was preserved until quite recently.  In the reign of Charles I. the Master of the Rolls had a residence here, which is described as being “in a very wholesome air, with a good orchard and garden leading down to the water-side.”—­Gilbert’s Dublin, vol. ii. p. 264.  In fact, the residences here were similar to those pleasant places on the Thames, once the haunts of the nobility of London.

[288] Peacocks.—­To serve a peacock with its feathers was one of the grandest exploits of mediaeval cookery.  It was sown up in its skin after it had been roasted, when it was allowed to cool a little.  The bird then appeared at the last course as if alive.  Cream of almonds was also a favourite dainty.  Indeed, almonds were used in the composition of many dishes; to use as many and as various ingredients as possible seeming to be the acme of gastronomy.  St. Bernard had already loudly condemned the bon vivants of the age.  His indignation appears to have been especially excited by the various methods in which eggs were cooked.  But even seculars condemned the excesses of Norman luxuries, and declared that the knights were loaded with wine instead of steel, and spits instead of lances.

[289] Henri-curt-mantel.—­A soubriquet derived from the short mantle he constantly wore.

[290] Good.—­Even the infidel Voltaire admitted that the Popes restrained princes, and protected the people.  The Bull In Coena Domini contained an excommunication against those who should levy new taxes upon their estates, or should increase those already existing beyond the bounds of right.  For further information on this subject, see Balmez, European Civilization, passim. M. Guizot says:  “She [the Church] alone resisted the system of castes; she alone maintained the principle of equality of competition; she alone called all legitimate superiors to the possession of power.”—­Hist.  Gen. de la Civilization en Europe, Lect. 5.

[291] Grounds.—­De Maistre and Fenelon both agree in grounding this power on constitutional right; but the former also admitted a divine right.—­De Maistre, Du Pape, lib. ii. p. 387.

[292] Grant.—­See M. Gosselin’s Power of the Popes during the Middle Ages, for further information on this subject.