[Illustration:  THE LOGAN STONE, KILLARNEY.]

[Illustration:  ANCIENT IRISH BROOCH.[285]]

FOOTNOTES: 

[273] Merchants.—­Wright says that “theft and unfair dealing” were fearfully prevalent among the Anglo-Normans, and mentions, as an example, how some Irish merchants were robbed who came to Ely to sell their wares.—­Domestic Manners, p. 78.  It would appear that there was considerable slave-trade carried on with the British merchants.  The Saxons, who treated their dependents with savage cruelty (see Wright, p. 56), sold even their children as slaves to the Irish.  In 1102 this inhuman traffic was forbidden by the Council of London.  Giraldus Cambrensis mentions that, at a synod held at Armagh, A.D. 1170, the Irish clergy, who had often forbidden this trade, pronounced the invasion of Ireland by Englishmen to be a just judgment on the Irish for their share in the sin, and commanded that all who had English slaves should at once set them free.  Mr. Haverty remarks, that it was a curious and characteristic coincidence, that an Irish deliberative assembly should thus, by an act of humanity to Englishmen, have met the merciless aggressions which the latter had just then commenced against this country.—­Hist. of Ireland, p. 169.

[274] Nesta.—­David Powell, in his notes to the Itinerary of Cambria, states that this lady was a daughter of Rufus, Prince of Demetia.  She was distinguished for her beauty, and infamous for her gallantries.  She had a daughter by Gerald of Windsor, called Augweth, who was mother to Giraldus Cambrensis.  This relationship accounts for the absurd eulogiums which he has lavished on the Geraldines.  Demetia is the district now called Pembrokeshire, where a colony of Normans established themselves after the Norman Conquest.—­See Thierry’s Norman Conquest.

[275] Men-at-arms.—­Hibernia Expugnata, lib. i. c. 16.

[276] Bargy.—­Our illustration gives a view of the remains of this ancient castle.  It was formerly the residence of Bagenal Harvey, a Protestant gentleman, who suffered in the rebellion of 1798, for his adherence to the cause of Ireland.

[277] Flemings.—­Dr. O’Donovan mentions, in a note to the Four Masters, that he was particularly struck with the difference between the personal appearance of the inhabitants of the baronies where they settled.  The Cavanaghs and Murphys are tall and slight; the Flemings and Codds short and stout.  They still retain some peculiarities of language.

[278] Rule.—­What the rule of this ferocious monster may have been we can judge from what is related of him by Cambrensis.  Three hundred heads of the slain were piled up before him; and as he leaped and danced with joy at the ghastly sight, he recognized a man to whom he had a more than ordinary hatred.  He seized the head by the ears, and gratified his demoniacal rage by biting off the nose and lips of his dead enemy.