slave State in 1820, so were New York and New Jersey much greater slave States from having had greater numbers, slavery having been established there in very early times.  But there is this vital difference between all these States and the judge’s Kansas experiment:  that they sought to disestablish slavery which had been already established, while the judge seeks, so far as he can, to disestablish freedom, which had been established there by the Missouri Compromise. [Voices:  “Good!”]

The Union is undergoing a fearful strain; but it is a stout old ship, and has weathered many a hard blow, and “the stars in their courses,” aye, an invisible power, greater than the puny efforts of men, will fight for us.  But we ourselves must not decline the burden of responsibility, nor take counsel of unworthy passions.  Whatever duty urges us to do or to omit, must be done or omitted; and the recklessness with which our adversaries break the laws, or counsel their violation, should afford no example for us.  Therefore, let us revere the Declaration of Independence; let us continue to obey the Constitution and the laws; let us keep step to the music of the Union.  Let us draw a cordon, so to speak, around the slave States, and the hateful institution, like a reptile poisoning itself, will perish by its own infamy. [Applause.]

But we cannot be free men if this is, by our national choice, to be a land of slavery.  Those who deny freedom to others, deserve it not for themselves; and, under the rule of a just God, cannot long retain it. [Loud applause.]

Did you ever, my friends, seriously reflect upon the speed with which we are tending downward?  Within the memory of men now present the leading statesmen of Virginia could make genuine, red-hot abolitionist speeches in old Virginia; and, as I have said, now even in “free Kansas” it is a crime to declare that it is “free Kansas.”  The very sentiments that I and others have just uttered would entitle us, and each of us, to the ignominy and seclusion of a dungeon; and yet I suppose that, like Paul, we were “free born.”  But if this thing is allowed to continue, it will be but one step further to impress the same rule in Illinois. [Sensation.]

The conclusion of all is, that we must restore the Missouri Compromise.  We must highly resolve that Kansas must be free! [Great applause.] We must reinstate the birthday promise of the Republic; we must reaffirm the Declaration of Independence; we must make good in essence as well as in form Madison’s vowal that “the word slave ought not to appear in the Constitution;” and we must even go further, and decree that only local law, and not that time-honoured instrument, shall shelter a slave-holder.  We must make this a land of liberty in fact, as it is in name.  But in seeking to attain these results—­so indispensable if the liberty which is our pride and boast shall endure—­we will be loyal to the Constitution and to the “flag of our Union,”