The total product, from 1513 to the present time, has amounted to $2,176,000,000.  The gold mines of North America extend from Costa Rica to Alaska, between the parallels 8 deg. and 71 deg. of North latitude, and the parallels of 82 deg. and 168 deg. of West longitude, comprised between the Caribbean sea and the Arctic ocean, and the Rocky mountains and the Pacific ocean.  The Mexican gold mines were discovered by Cortez in 1526.  Their annual product has decreased from $3,000,000 in former times to $1,000,000 at the present time.  Their total product to the present time has amounted to $652,000,000.  Gold was discovered in California by William Marshall, on the ninth day of February, 1848, at Suter’s mill on the American fork of the Sacramento river, and the mines extend from 34 deg. to 40 deg. of North latitude.  Their annual product has decreased from $81,000,000 in 1853 to $14,000,000 at the present time.  The annual product of the gold mines of Colorado, Dakota, Nevada, Montana, Idaho, Arizona, Oregon, and other parts of the United States, at the present time, is estimated to be $16,000,000.  Their total product has amounted to $200,000,000.  The annual product of the gold mines of British Columbia is estimated to be $2,000,000.  Their total product has amounted to $52,000,000.  In estimating the gold product of California Messrs. Hussey, Bond and Hale, of San Francisco, (Hunt’s Mer.  Mag., vol.  XXVII, p. 43) state,—­“that there should be added to the amount exhibited upon steamers’ manifests fifteen to sixty per cent, for the amount carried in the valises and pockets of returning passengers, overland to Mexico, exported to Chili, and retained in California for purposes of currency.”  Fenton (Tasmania, p. 430) states,—­“that the product of gold, $850,000, in Tasmania, in 1883, does not include the value of gold which left the colony by private hands, when it is considered that the alluvial auriferous deposits are worked by men who are constantly on the move and who sometimes take with them, to the other colonies, the product of their washings, without leaving behind them any record of the weight or value of the gold thus removed.”  This rule should be applied to Australia, Russia, New Zealand, and all countries which are producers of the precious metals.  The annual product of the gold mines of North America is $32,000,000.  Their total product from 1513 to the present time is estimated to be $2,764,000,000, of which $2,164,000,000 have been obtained since 1848.  The annual product of gold in America is $40,000,000,—­more than one-third of the entire annual product of the world.  The total gold product of America, since the hills of Hispaniola were revealed to the eyes of Columbus, has amounted to $4,940,000,000—­one-third of the product of the world since the earliest times.