Trousers.—­If you are likely to have much riding, take extra leather or moleskin trousers, or tweed covered down the inside of the legs with leather, such as cavalry soldiers generally wear.  Leather is a better protection than moleskin against thorns; but not so serviceable against wet:  it will far outlast moleskin.  There should be no hem to the legs of trousers, as it retains the wet.

Watch-pocket.—­Have it made of macintosh, to save the watch from perspiration.  The astronomer-royal of Cape Town, Sir T. Maclear, who had considerable experience of the bush when measuring an arc of the meridian, justly remarked to me on the advantage of frequently turning the watch-pocket inside out, to get rid of the fluff and dust that collects in it and is otherwise sure to enter the watch-case.

Socks.—­The hotter the ground on which you have to walk, the thicker should be your socks.  These should be of woollen, wherever you expect to have much walking; and plenty of them will be required.

Substitute for Socks.—­For want of socks, pieces of linen may be used, and, when these are properly put on they are said to be even better than socks.  They should be a foot square, be made of soft worn linen, be washed once a-day, and be smeared with tallow.  They can be put on so dexterously as to stand several hours’ marching without making a single wrinkle, and are much used by soldiers in Germany.  To put them on, the naked foot is placed crosswise; the corners on the right and on the left are then folded over, then the corner which lies in front of the toes.  Now the art consists in so drawing up these ends, that the foot can be placed in the shoe or boot without any wrinkles appearing in the bandage.  One wrinkle is sure to make a blister, and therefore persons who have to use them should practise frequently how to put them on.  Socks similar to these, but made of thick blanket, and called “Blanket Wrappers,” are in use at Hudson’s Bay instead of shoes.

Shirt-sleeves.—­When you have occasion to tuck up your shirt-sleeves, recollect that the way of doing so is, not to begin by turning the cuffs inside out, but outside in—­the sleeves must be rolled up inwards, towards the arm, and not the reverse way.  In the one case, the sleeves will remain tucked up for hours without being touched; in the other, they become loose every five minutes.

Gloves, Mits, and Muffs.—­In cold dry weather a pair of old soft kid gloves, with large woollen gloves drawn over them, is the warmest combination.  Mits and muffetees merely require mention.  To keep the hands warm in very severe weather, a small fur muff may be slung from the neck, in which the hands may rest till wanted.

Braces.—­Do not forget to take them, unless you have had abundant experience of belts; for belts do not suit every shape, neither are English trousers cut with the intention of being worn with them.  But trousers made abroad, are shaped at the waist, especially for the purpose of being worn without braces; if desired.  If you use braces, take two pairs, for when they are drenched with perspiration, they dry slowly.  Some people do not care to use a belt, even with trousers of an ordinary cut, but find that a tape run through a hem along the upper edge of the trousers acts sufficiently well.  Capt.  Speke told me he always used this plan.