“To induce Circulation and Warmth—­8.  Rub the limbs upwards, with firm grasping pressure and with energy, using handkerchiefs, etc. by this measure the blood is propelled along the veins towards the heart. 9.  Let the limbs be thus dried and warmed, and then clothed, the bystanders supplying coats, waistcoats, etc. 10..  Avoid the continuous warm-bath, and the position on or inclined to the back.”

Litter for the Wounded.—­If a man be wounded or sick, and has to be carried upon the shoulders of others, make a little for him in the Indian fashion; that is to say, cut two stout poles, each 8 feet long, to make its two sides, and three other cross-bars of 2 1/2 feet each, to be lashed to them.  Then supporting this ladder-shaped framework over the sick man as he lies in his blanket, knot the blanket up well to it, and so carry him off palanquin-fashion.  One cross-bar will be just behind his head, another in front of his feet; the middle one will cross his stomach, and keep him from falling out; and there will remain two short handles for the carriers to lay hold of.  The American Indians carry their wounded companions by this contrivance after a fight, and during a hurried retreat, for wonderful distances.  A king of waggon-roof top can easily be made to it, with bent boughs and one spare blanket. (See Palanquin.)

[Black and white sketch of two ‘Indians’ carrying litter].

Surveying instruments.

In previous editions I reprinted here, with a few trifling alterations, part of a paper that I originally communicated to the Royal Geographical Society, and which will be found at the end of their volume for 1854.  In addition to it, communications are published there from Lieutenant Raper, Admiral FitzRoy, Admiral Smyth, Admiral Beechey, and Colonel Sykes; the whole of which was collected under the title of ‘Hints to Travellers;’ they were printed in a separate form and widely circulated.  When the edition was exhausted, a fresh Committee was appointed by the Council of the Royal Geographical society, consisting of Admiral sir George Back, Admiral R. Collinson, and myself, to revise the pamphlet thoroughly.  This process was again gone through in 1871, and now the pamphlet is so much amended and enlarged that I should do no good by making extracts.  It is much better that intending travellers should apply for this third edition of the ‘Hints to Travellers’ at the society’s rooms, 1, Savile Row:  for it gives a great deal of information upon instruments that they would find of real value.  Its price is 1s.

Porters for delicate Instruments.—­Entrust surveying instruments and fragile articles to come respectable old savage, whose infirmities compel him to walk steadily.  He will be delighted at the prospect of picking up a living by such easy service.