[384] Essai sur l’histoire des Arabes, avant l’Islamisme, pendant l’epoque de Mahomet, et jusqu’a la reduction de toutes les tribus sous la loi mussulmane.  Paris. 3 vols. 8vo. 1847-48.

[385] Das Leben und die Lehre des Mohammed, etc.  Von A. Sprenger.  Berlin, 1861.

[386] Sprenger, Vorrede, p. xii.

[387] The Life of Mahomet and History of Islam.  By William Muir, Esq.  London, 1858.

[388] A Series of Essays on the Life of Mohammed, and Subjects subsidiary thereto.  By Syed Ahmed Khan Bahador.  London:  Trabner & Co. 1870.

[389]

                        “Quo fit ut omnis
    Votiva pateat velut descripta tabella
    Vita senis.”

    HORACE.

[390] The same remark will apply to Cromwell.

[391] “Mohammed once asked Hassan if he had made any poetry about Abu Bakr, and the poet repeated these lines; whereupon Mohammed laughed so heartily as to show his back teeth, and said, ’Thou hast spoken truly, O Hassan!  It is just as thou hast said.’”—­Muir, Vol.  II. p. 256.

[392] Muir, Vol.  II. p. 128.

[393] Koran, Sura 80.

[394] Mahomet and the Origin of Islam.  Studies of Religious History.  Translated by O. B. Frothingham.

[395] Lewes, Life of Goethe, Vol.  I. p. 207.

[396] Mahomet et le Coran, par J. Barthelemy Saint-Hilaire, Paris, 1865, p. 114.

[397] Les Religions et les Philosophies dans L’Asie Centrale.  Par M. le Comte Gobineau.  Paris.

[398] A Year’s Journey through Central and Eastern Arabia.  By William Gifford Palgrave.  Third edition. 1866.  London.

[399] Article in Revue des Deux Mondes, January 15, 1868.

[400] Studies in Religious History and Criticism.  The Future of Religion in Modem Society.

[401] Ibid., “The Part of the Semitic People in the History of Civilization.”

[402] Ibid.  The Future of Religion in Modern Society, The Origins of Islamism.

[403] The Sympathy of Religions, an Address by Thomas Wentworth Higginson.  Boston, 1871.

[404] Job i. 6, 12; ii. 1; Zech. iii. 1; 1 Chron. xxi. 1.

[405] In the passages where Satan or the Devil is mentioned, the truth taught is the same, and the moral result the same, whether we interpret the phrase as meaning a personal being, or the principle of evil.  In many of these passages a personal being cannot be meant:  for example, John vi. 70; Matt. xvi. 23; Mark viii. 33; 1 Cor. v. 5; 2 Cor. xii. 7; 1 Thess. ii. 18; 1 Tim. i. 20; Heb. ii. 14.

[406] Exodus vi. 2.

[407] Exodus iii. 14.