[273] Mythologie der Griechen und Romer, von Dr. M. W. Heffter.  Leipzig, 1854.

[274] And so our word “janitor” comes to us from this very old Italian deity.

[275] Ampere, L’Histoire Romaine.

[276] This seems to us more probable than Buttman’s opinion, that the temple of Janus was originally by the gate of the city, which gate was open in war and closed in peace.  In practice, it would probably be different.

[277] “Quis ignorat vel dictum vel conditum a Jano Janiculum?” Solinus, II. 3, quoted by Ampere.

[278]

    “Arx mea collis erat, quem cultrix nomine nostro
    Nuncupat haec aetas, Janiculumque vocat.”—­Fasti, I. 245.

[279] Mater Matuta ("matutina,” matinal) was a Latin goddess of the dawn, who was absorbed into Juno, as often happened to the old Italian deities.  Hartung says:  “There was no limit to the superficial levity with which the Romans changed their worship.”

[280] The Etruscans worshipped a goddess named Menerfa or Menfra.—­Heffter.

[281] Heffter, p. 525. Cloaca is derived from cluere, which means to wash away. Libertina or Libitina is the goddess of funerals.

[282] Republic, II. 19.

[283] Hartung.

[284] “Diis quos superiores et involutes vocant.”—­Seneca, Quaest.  Nat., II. 41.

[285] “De re rustica”; quoted by Merivale in the Preface to The Conversion of the Roman Empire.

[286] From the same root come our words “fate,” “fanatic,” etc.  “Fanaticum dicitur arbor fulmine icta.”—­Festus, 69.

[287] From “sacrare” or “consecrare.”  Hence sacrament and sacerdotal.

[288] The word “calendar” is itself derived from the Roman “Kalends,” the first day of the month.

[289] See Merivale, The Conversion of the Roman Empire, Lect.  IV. p. 74.

[290] Doellinger, Gentile and Jew.  Funke, Real Lexicon.  Festus.

[291] Book I. 592.

[292] IV. 593.

[293] De Divinatione, II. 12, etc.

[294] A Greek epigram, recently translated, alludes to the same fact:—­

    “Honey and milk are sacrifice to thee,
    Kind Hermes, inexpensive deity. 
    But Hercules demands a lamb each day,
    For keeping, so he says, the wolves away. 
    Imports it much, meek browsers of the sod,
    Whether a wolf devour you, or a god?”

[295] Gibbon, Decline and Fall, Chap.  II.

[296] Conversion of the Roman Empire, Note A.

[297] “Expedit civitates falli in religione,” said Varro.

[298] “Philosophia sapientiae amor est.”  “Nec philosophia sine virtute, nec sine philosophia virtus.”  Epist.  XCI. 5.

[299] “Physica non faciunt bonos, sed doctos.”  Epist.  CVI. 11.

[300] “Bonum est, quod ad se impetum animi secundum naturam movet.”  Epist.  CXVIII. 9.

[301] “Universa ex materia et Deo constant.”  Epist.  LXV. 24.