his home felt himself surrounded by invisible friends and guardians.  No other nation, except the Chinese, have carried this religion of home so far.  This is the tender side of the stern Roman character.  Very little of pathos or sentiment appears in Roman poetry, but the lines by Catullus to his home are as tender as anything in modern literature.  The little peninsula of Sirmio on the Lago di Garda has been glorified by these few words.

3.  The GENIUS.  The worship of the genius of a person or place was also peculiarly Italian.  Each man had his genius, from whom his living power and vital force came.  Tertullian speaks of the genius of places.  On coins are found the Genius of Rome.  Almost everything had its genius,—­nations, colonies, princes, the senate, sleep, the theatre.  The marriage-bed is called genial, because guarded by a genius.  All this reminds us of the Fravashi of the Avesta and of the Persian monuments.  Yet the Genius also takes his place among the highest gods.

III.  Deities of the human soul:—­

1.  MENS, Mind, Intellect.

2.  PUDICITIA, Chastity.

3.  PIETAS, Piety, Reverence for Parents.

4 FIDES, Fidelity.

5.  CONCORDIA, Concord.

6.  VIRTUS, Courage.

7.  SPES, Hope.

8.  PALLOR or PAVOR, Fear.

9.  VOLUPTAS, Pleasure.

IV.  Deities of rural and other occupations:—­

1.  TELLUS, the Earth.

2.  SATURNUS, Saturn.  The root of this name is SAO = SERO, to sow.  Saturn is the god of planting and sowing.

3.  OPS, goddess of the harvest.

4.  MARS.  Originally an agricultural god, dangerous to crops; afterwards god of war.

5.  SILVANUS, the wood god.

6.  FAUNUS, an old Italian deity, the patron of agriculture.

7.  TERMINUS, an old Italian deity, the guardian of limits and boundaries.

8.  CERES, goddess of the cereal grasses.

9.  LIBER, god of the vine, and of wine.

10.  BONA DEA, the good goddess.  The worship of the good goddess was imported from Greece in later times; and perhaps its basis was the worship of Demeter.  The temple of the good goddess was on Mount Aventine.  At her feast on the 1st of May all suggestions of the male sex were banished from the house; no wine must be drunk; the myrtle, as a symbol of love, was removed.  The idea of the feast was of a chaste marriage, as helping to preserve the human race.

11.  MAGNA MATER, or Cybele.  This was a foreign worship, but early introduced at Rome.

12.  FLORA.  She was an original goddess of Italy, presiding over flowers and blossoms.  Great license was practised at her worship.

13.  VERTUMNUS, the god of gardens, was an old Italian deity, existing before the foundation of Rome.

14.  POMONA, goddess of the harvest.