dwelling afar off, presiding over wintry Dodona.”  A reminiscence of this old Pelasgian god long remained both in the Latin and Greek conversation, when, speaking of the weather, they called it Zeus, or Jupiter.  Horace speaks of “cold Jupiter” and “bad Jupiter,” as we should speak of a cold or rainy day.  We also find in Horace (Odes III. 2:  29) the archaic form of the word “Jupiter,” Diespiter, which, according to Lassen (I. 755), means “Ruler of Heaven”; being derived from Djaus-piter. Piter, in Sanskrit, originally meant, says Lassen, Ruler or Lord, as well as Father.

In Arcadia and Boeotia the Pelasgi declared that their old deities were born.  By this is no doubt conveyed the historic consciousness that these deities were not brought to them from abroad, but developed gradually among themselves out of nameless powers of nature into humanized and personal deities.  In the old days it was hardly more than a fetich worship.  Here was worshipped as a plank at Samos; Athene, as a beam at Lindus; the Pallas of Attica, as a stake; Jupiter, in one place, as a rock; Apollo, as a triangle.

Together with Jupiter or Zeus, the Pelasgi worshipped Gaia or Mother Earth, in Athens, Sparta, Olympia, and other places.  One of her names was Dione; another was Rhea.  In Asia she was Cybele; but everywhere she typified the great productive power of nature.

Another Pelasgic god was Helios, the Sun-God, worshipped with his sister Selene, the Moon.  The Pelasgi also adored the darker divinities of the lower world.  At Pylos and Elis, the king of Hades was worshipped as the awful Aidoneus; and Persephone, his wife, was not the fair Kora of subsequent times, but the fearful Queen of Death, the murderess, homologous to the savage wife of Civa, in the Hindoo Pantheon.  To this age also belongs the worship of the Kabiri, nameless powers, perhaps of Phoenician origin, connected with the worship of fire in Lemnos and Samothrace.

The Doric race, the second great source of the Hellenic family, entered Greece many hundreds of years after[221] the first great Pelasgic migration had spread itself through Asia Minor, Greece, and Italy.  It brought with it another class of gods and a different tone of worship.  Their principal deities were Apollo and Artemis, though with these they also worshipped, as secondary deities, the Pelasgic gods whose homes they had invaded.  The chief difference between the Pelasgic and Dorian conception of religion was, that with the first it was more emotional, with the second more moral; the first was a mystic natural religion, the second an intellectual human religion.  Ottfried Mueller[222] says that the Dorian piety was strong, cheerful, and bright.  They worshipped Daylight and Moonlight, while the Pelasgians also reverenced Night, Darkness, and Storm.  Funeral solemnities and enthusiastic orgies did not suit the Dorian character.  The Spartans had no splendid processions like the Athenians, but they prayed the gods “to give them what was honorable and good”; and Zeus Ammon declared that the “calm solemnity of the prayers of the Spartans was dearer to him than all the sacrifices of the Greeks."[223]