goes thither, vanquishes Labraid’s foes, and remains a month with Fand.  He returns to Ireland, and now we hear of the struggle for him between his wife Emer and Fand.  But Manannan suddenly appears, reawakens Fand’s love, and she departs with him.  The god shakes his cloak between her and Cuchulainn to prevent their ever meeting again.[1237] In this story Labraid, Fand, and Liban, Fand’s sister, though dwellers on an island Elysium, are called sid-folk.  The two regions are partially confused, but not wholly, since Manannan is described as coming from his own land (Elysium) to woo Fand.  Apparently Labraid of the Swift Hand on the Sword (who, though called “chief of the side”, is certainly a war-god) is at enmity with Manannan’s hosts, and it is these with whom Cuchulainn has to fight.[1238]

In an Ossianic tale several of the Fians were carried off to the Land of Promise.  After many adventures, Fionn, Diarmaid, and others discover them, and threaten to destroy the land if they are not restored.  Its king, Avarta, agrees to the restoration, and with fifteen of his men carries the Fians to Erin on one horse.  Having reached there, he bids them look at a certain field, and while they are doing so, he and his men disappear.[1239]

3. Land under Waves.—­Fiachna, of the men of the sid, appeared to the men of Connaught, and begged their help against Goll, who had abducted his wife.  Loegaire and his men dive with Fiachna into Loch Naneane, and reach a wonderful land, with marvellous music and where the rain is ale.  They and the sid-folk attack the fort of Mag Mell and defeat Goll.  Each then obtains a woman of the side, but at the end of a year they become homesick.  They are warned not to descend from horseback in Erin.  Arrived among their own people, they describe the marvels of Tir fa Tonn, and then return there, and are no more seen.[1240] Here, again, the sid Elysium and Land under Waves are confused, and the divine tribes are at war, as in the story of Cuchulainn.

In a section of the Ossianic tale just cited, Fionn and his men arrive on an island, where Diarmaid reaches a beautiful country at the bottom of a well.  This is Tir fa Tonn, and Diarmaid fights its king who has usurped his nephew’s inheritance, and thus recovers it for him.[1241]

4. Co-extensive with this world.—­An early example of this type is found in the Adventures of Cormac.  A divine visitant appeared to Cormac and gave him in exchange for his wife, son, and daughter, his branch of golden apples, which when shaken produced sweetest music, dispelling sorrow.  After a year Cormac set out to seek his family, and as he journeyed encountered a mist in which he discovered a strange house.  Its master and mistress—­Manannan and his consort—­offered him shelter.  The god brought in a pig, every quarter of which was cooked in the telling of a true tale, the pig afterwards coming to life again.  Cormac, in his tale, described