The Development of the European Nations, 1870-1914 (5th ed.) eBook

This eBook from the Gutenberg Project consists of approximately 780 pages of information about The Development of the European Nations, 1870-1914 (5th ed.).

The Development of the European Nations, 1870-1914 (5th ed.) eBook

This eBook from the Gutenberg Project consists of approximately 780 pages of information about The Development of the European Nations, 1870-1914 (5th ed.).

The part which Bismarck played at this crisis is also somewhat obscure.  If the German Government wished to attack France, the natural plan would have been to keep that design secret until the time for action arrived.  But it did not do so.  Early in the month of April, von Radowitz, a man of high standing at the Court of Berlin, took occasion to speak to the French ambassador, de Gontaut-Biron, at a ball, and warned him in the most significant manner of the danger of war owing to the increase of French armaments.  According to de Blowitz, the Paris correspondent of the Times (who had his information direct from the French Premier, the Duc Decazes), Germany intended to “bleed France white” by compelling her finally to pay ten milliards of francs in twenty instalments, and by keeping an army of occupation in her Eastern Departments until the last half-milliard was paid.  The French ambassador also states in his account of these stirring weeks that Bismarck had mentioned to the Belgian envoy the impossibility of France keeping up armaments, the outcome of which must be war[245].

[Footnote 245:  De Blowitz, Memoirs, ch. v.; An Ambassador of the Vanquished (ed. by the Duc de Broglie), pp. 180 et seq.  Probably the article “Krieg in Sicht,” published in the Berlin Post of April 15, 1875, was “inspired.”]

As Radowitz continued in favour with Bismarck, his disclosure of German intentions seems to have been made with the Chancellor’s approval; and we may explain his action as either a threat to compel France to reduce her army, a provocation to lead her to commit some indiscretion, or a means of undermining the plans of the German military party.  Leaving these questions on one side, we may note that Gontaut-Biron’s report to the Duc Decazes produced the utmost anxiety in official circles at Paris.  The Duke took the unusual step of confiding the secret to Blowitz, showed him the document, along with other proofs of German preparations for war, and requested him to publish the chief facts in the Times.  Delane, the editor of the Times, having investigated the affair, published the information on May 4.  It produced an immense sensation.  The Continental Press denounced it as an impudent fabrication designed to bring on war.  We now know that it was substantially correct.  Meanwhile Marshal MacMahon and the Duc Decazes had taken steps to solicit the help of the Czar if need arose.  They despatched to St. Petersburg General Leflo, armed with proofs of the hostile designs of the German military chiefs.  A perusal of them convinced Alexander II. of the seriousness of the situation; and he assured Leflo of his resolve to prevent an unprovoked attack on France.  He was then about to visit his uncle, the German Emperor; and there is little doubt that his influence at Berlin helped to end the crisis.

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