JAPANESE IN BRAZIL [LII].  Emigration to South America has latterly been arrested through the rise in wages at home.  During the past four years an average of about 3,000 families has gone every twelve months to Brazil, where about a quarter of a million acres are owned and leased by Japanese.  The Japanese Government spends 100,000 yen a year on giving a grant of 50 yen to each emigrating family up to 2,000 in number, through the Overseas Colonisation Company.  The Brazilian Government also offers a gratuity.

CATTLE KEEPING IN SOUTH-WESTERN JAPAN [LIII].  Tajima, the old province which comprises about four counties in Tottori, is a large supplier of “Kobe beef,” but it is a cattle-feeding not a grazing district.  The number of cattle in Hyogo is double the cattle population of Tottori, but no cattle keeper has more than a score of beasts.  The usual thing is for farmers to have two or three apiece.  Some of the “Kobe beef” comes from the prefectures of Hiroshima and Okayama.  It is in the north of Japan, where the people are not so thick on the ground and cultivation is less intense, that cattle production has its best chance.

VALUE OF LAND [LIV].  The value of land in the hill-village in which I stayed necessarily varied, but the average price of paddy was given me as 250 yen per tan.  Dry land was half that.  Open hill land, that is the so-called grass land, might be worth 120 yen.  The rise in values which has taken place is illustrated by the following table of farm-land values per tan in 1919, published by the Bank of Japan: 

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-----
|       Paddy          |      Upland
------------------------------------------------------------

|Good  |Ordinary|Bad   |Good |Ordinary|Bad
------------------------------------------------------------

Hokkaido         |231   |158     |95    |115  |62      |26
{North }  |802   |579     |366   |477  |295     |170
Honshu {Tokyo }  |863   |607     |406   |673  |442     |272
(main  {middle}  |1,226 |834     |523   |875  |565     |313
island){west  }  |1,226 |840     |525   |727  |443     |244
Shikoku          |1,120 |784     |470   |752  |450     |225
Kyushu           |960   |652     |416   |538  |300     |175
-----------------------------------------------------------<

/pre>
FRUIT PRODUCTION [LV].  The Japanese when they
do not eat meat do not feel the need of fruit which
is experienced in the West.  But there is now
a steady increase in the fruit crops.  For 1918
the figures were (in thousands of kwan): 
persimmons, 43,620; pears, 27,730; oranges, 73,660;
peaches, 12,810; apples, 6,695; grapes, 6,240; plums
(largely used pickled), 6,190.