POPULATION OF JAPAN, MANCHURIA AND MONGOLIA [XXX].  The population of the Empire according to the 1920 census was 77,005,510, which included Korea, 17,284,207; Formosa, 3,654,398; Saghalien, 105,765; and South Manchuria (that is, the Kwantung Peninsula), 80,000.  In Old Japan (Honshu, Shikoku and Kyushu with the near islands, and Loo-choos and Bonins) there were 53,602,043, and in Hokkaido (including Kuriles) 2,359,097.

Tokyo is the largest city, 2,173,000, followed by Osaka, 1,252,000.  Kobe and Kyoto have a little more than half a million; Nagoya and Yokohama four hundred thousand apiece.  Ten other cities have a hundred thousand odd.

In the following table the populations and areas of Japan, Great Britain and the United States are compared: 

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Country                   |  Area   | Population    |  Population
|         |               | per sq. mile
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Japan (excluding Korea, Formosa |         |               |
and Saghalien)                | 142,000 | 55,961,140    |     394
|         |   (1920)      |
British Isles                   | 121,636 | 47,306,664[*] |     388
|         |   (1921)      |
United States (excluding Alaska |         |               |
and oversea possessions)      |3,000,000| 105,683,108   |      35
|         |   (1920)      |
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* Ireland taken at 1911 census figures.

Japan’s 394 per square mile is lowered by the population of Hokkaido (2,359,097), which is only 66 per square mile.  The population of the three chief Japanese islands is:  Honshu, the mainland (41,806,930), 471; Shikoku (3,066,890), 423; and Kyushu (8,729,088), 511. (These figures are for 1920.) “As regards density per square kilometre,” writes an official of the Imperial Bureau of Statistics in the Japan Year-book, with the figures antecedent to the 1920 census before him, “it is calculated at 140 for Japan and this compares as follows with Belgium (1910) 252, England and Wales (1911) 239, Holland (1909) 171, Italy (1911) 121, Germany (1910) 120 and France 44.  When comparison is made on the basis of habitable area Japan may be considered to surpass all as to density, for while in Japan it constitutes only 19 per cent, of the total area, the ratio is as high as 74 for Belgium, 73 for England and Wales, 67 for Holland, 76 for Italy, 65 for Germany and 70 for France.”  The Professor of Agricultural Science at Tokyo University says:  “The area under cultivation, even in the densely populated parts, is comparatively smaller than in any other country.”