Income of Tenants (Hokkaido).—­Professor Takaoka was kind enough to give me the following summaries of balance sheets of tenants of college lands in different parts of Hokkaido in 1915. (In all cases the accounts have been debited with wages for the farmer’s family.)

Five cho.  Income, 447 yen; net return, 37 yen. (Rye, wheat, oats, corn, soy, potatoes, grass, flax, buckwheat and rape.  One horse and a few hens.)

Five cho.  Income, 763 yen; net return, 58 yen. (Rye, wheat, oats, rape, soy, potatoes, corn, grass, flax and onions.  Three cows, one horse.)

Ten cho.  Income, 1,015 yen; net return, 122 yen. (Same crops with two cows and one horse and some hired labour.)

Five cho (peppermint on 3 cho).  Income, 882 yen; net return, 93 yen.

Three cho.  Income, 1,195 yen; net return, 332 yen. (Vegetable farming. 206 yen paid for labour.)

Thirty cho.  Income, 1,979 yen; net return, 61 yen. (Mixed farming; 632 yen paid for labour.)

Model 5-cho farm without rice.  Made 604 yen, and 107 yen net return, farm capital being 1,487 yen. (208 yen allowed for labour, interest 128 yen, amortisation 27 yen, and taxes 13 yen.)

Milk farmer, 12 cho and 90 cattle.  Income, 12,280 yen; net return of 3,641 yen.

2,120 cho (1,235 forest, 402 pasture, 110 artificial grass and 42 crops; 111 cattle).  Income, 66,205 yen; net return, 1,011 yen. (Milk and meat farming.)

Average income and expenditure of 200 tenants of University land whose budgets Professor Morimoto (see Chapter XXXIV) investigated: 

yen
Crops 451.66 Wages earned 61.33 Horses 20.09 Poultry and eggs .96 Pigs .85 Manure (animal, 35 kwan; human, 14 koku) 24.50 Other income 29.64
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589.03
yen
Cultivation, etc. 206.32
Cost of living 303.33
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509.65
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Profit 79.38
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The returns of capital yielded the following averages: 

yen
Tenant right in respect of 5-16 cho 750.82 Buildings (32.2 tsubo) 195.95 Clothing 162.82 Horse (average 1.23) 108.48 Furniture 58.47 Implements 51.23 Poultry (average 2.58) 1.15 Pigs (average .12) .87
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Total 1,329.79
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