[287] See Appendix LXXVIII.

[288] See, for example, C.V.  Sale in the Transactions of the Society of Arts, 1907, and J.M.  McCaleb in the Transactions of the Asiatic Society of Japan, 1916.

[289] For the question, is rice the right crop for Japan?  See Appendix LXXIX.

[290] Dr. Yahagi in an address delivered in Italy pointed out to his audience that Japan had 15 times as large an area under rice as Italy and that, while the Italian harvest ranged between 42 and 83 hectolitres per hectare, the Japanese ranged between 55 and 130.  The area under rice in the United States in 1920 was 1,337,000 acres and the yield 53,710,000 bushels.  The area under rice has steadily increased since 1913, when it was only 25,744,000 bushels.

[291] A well-informed Japanese who read this Chapter doubted the ability of his countrymen to distinguish between native and Korean, Californian or Texan rice.  Saigon is another matter.  See Appendix XXIV.

[292] “Some of our statesmen,” notes a Japanese reader of this Chapter, “are carried away by ideas of an industrial El Dorado.”  Such men have no understanding of the relation of rural Japan to the national welfare.  They are as blind guides as the Japanese who, caught by the glamour of the West, threw away the artistic treasures of their forefathers and pulled down beautiful temples and yashiki.  Japan has much to gain from a wise and just industrial system, but not a little of the present industrialisation is an exploitation of cheap labour, a destruction of craftsmanship and social obligation, and an attempt to cut out the foreigner by the production of rubbish.

[293] The chairman of Rothamsted declares as I write that the standard of English farming could be raised 50 per cent.  Hall and Voelcker have estimated that 20 million tons of farmyard manure made in the United Kingdom is wasted through avoidable causes.

[294] For a discussion of the question of inner colonisation versus foreign expansion, see Appendix LXXX.

[295] For figures bearing on the relative importance of agriculture, commerce and industry, see Appendix LXXXI.  For armaments, see Appendix XXXIII.

[296] There are many Britons who now reflect that millions which have gone into Mesopotamia might have been better spent by the Ministries of Health and Education.

The blessing of her sun-warmed days;
Her sea-spun cloak of wet;
Her pointing valleys, veiled in haze,
Where field and wood have met;
When we have gone our differing ways
These we shall not forget. 
L.T., in The New East.

APPENDICES

The sermon was bad enough, but the appendix was abominable.—­MR. BOWDLER.