M.  “When I am in a temple or at a shrine I realise its value in concentrating attention.  The daily domestic service before the shrine in the house also ensures some religious life daily.  Many of my countrymen no doubt regard religion as superstition; they know little of spiritual life.  For some of them patriotism or humanitarian sentiments or eagerness to seek after scientific truth takes the place of religion.  Most men think that they can never comprehend the cosmos and say, ’We may believe only what we can prove.  Let us follow not after preachers but after truth.’  I believe with your Western philosophers who say that the cosmos is not perfect but that it is moving towards perfection.  Many think that this War shows that the cosmos is not perfect.  Spiritual life is living according to one’s purest consciousness.  But what is of first importance is our actions.  It is not enough merely to strive after moral development.  One must strive after economic and social development.  Some religious people think only of the spiritual life and have no sympathy with economics.  The labours of such religious people must be of small value.”

In later Chapters the views of other thoughtful Japanese are noted down as they were communicated to me.

FOOTNOTES: 

[169] “The strength that is given at such times arises not from ignoring loss or persuading oneself that the thing is not that is, but from the resolute setting of the face to the East and the taking of one step forwards.  Anything that detaches one, that makes one turn from the past and look simply at what one has to do, brings with it new strength and new intensity of interest.”—­HALDANE.

[170] Teacher, instructor, master, or a polite way of saying “You”—­the usual title by which I was addressed.

[171] Constance Naden.

[172] “The Phaedo was bought for us by the death of Socrates.”—­QUILLER COUCH.

[Illustration:  THE BLIND HEADMAN AND HIS COLLECTING-BAG. p. 229]

[Illustration:  MR. YANAGHITA IN HIS CORONATION CEREMONY ROBES. p. xv]

[Illustration:  PORTABLE APPARATUS FOR RAISING WATER. p. 216]

[Illustration:  VILLAGE SCHOOL WITH PORTRAIT OF FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE. p. 127]

[Illustration:  RIVER-BEDS IN THE SUMMER From which may be imagined the power of the water in time of flood. p. 92]

THE ISLAND OF SHIKOKU

CHAPTER XXIV

LANDLORDS, PRIESTS AND “BASHA”
(TOKUSHIMA, KOCHI AND KAGAWA)

The most capital article, the character of the inhabitants.—­TYTLER