MISTER, sb. and vb. need, from O. Fr. mestier, not from
      O.N. miste, which always means “to lose,” as it does in the
      modern diall.  The O. Fr. mestier meant “office, trade,” and
      sometimes “need.”  The last is the meaning of the modern
      metier in the dialects of Normandy.  Both meanings exist in
      Northern English.

    OUKE, sb. week.  In all probability from O.E. wucu by loss of
      initial w before u.  The Dan. uge does not quite
      correspond.  The O.N. vika even less.  The Danish uge simply
      shows similar dropping of w (v) as the Sco. word.

    RIGBANE, sb. backbone.  Both elements are Eng.  The compound
      finds a parallel in Norse rygbaein.

    SOOM, vb. to swim.  Not Dan. soemme, but loss of w before
      oo, cp. the two Norse forms svoemma and symma.  Cp.
      soote, the last word in the first line of the Prologue to
      Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales.

    TEEM, vb. to empty.  It is not necessary to derive this from
      Norse toemme, “to empty.”  There is an O.E. t[-o]m from
      which the Sco. adj. toom probably comes. Toom is also a
      verb in Sco. Teem is simply this same word by characteristic
      Sco. change of o to e. (See Sec.17.) This also explains the
      length of the vowel.

    TRAK, vb. to pull, not necessarily Norse trekka, cp. the
      L.G. trekken.

    WID, sb. wood.  Not O.N. viethr nor Dan. ved.  The vowel is
      against it in both cases.  But just as above toom becomes
      teem, so wood > wid, cp.  Sco. guid, “good,” pit,
      “put,” etc. (See Sec.17.) Hence also the shortness of the vowel
      in wid.

    WERE, sb. spring, cp.  Latin ver. Var, vaar in Scand.
      does not account for the e in the Sco. word.

    YIRD, sb. earth.  Not from Dan. jord.  See next word.

    YIRTH, sb. earth, an inorganic y (see Sec.18).  Not from O.N.
      joereth.  For d in yird see Sec.19.

  24.  LOANWORD TESTS.

I have adopted the following tests of form, meaning and distribution in determining the Scand. source of loanwords: 

  1.  The diphthong ou, ow corresponding to O.N. ou, O.E. ea.

  2. Ai, ay corresponding to O.N. aei, O.E. [-a] as far as
  such words can be determined from modern dialects according to
  Sec.20.

  3.  The spirant th corresponding to O.N. eth, and O.E. d.