When he had been three years at Ts’ae, the King of Ts’u invited him to his court.  Ts’u, you will remember, lay southward towards the Yangtse, and was, most of the time, one of the six Great Powers.* Here at last was something hopeful; and Confucius set out.  But Ts’ae and Ch’in, though they had neglected him, had not done so through ignorance of his value; and were not disposed to see his wisdom added to the strength of Ts’u.  They sent out a force to waylay him; which surrounded him in the wilderness and held him besieged but unmolested for seven days.  Food ran out, and the Confucianists were so enfeebled at last that they could hardly stand.  We do not hear that terms were offereed, as that they should turn back or go elsewhere:  the intention seems to have been to make an end of Confucius and Confucianism altogether,—­without bloodshed.  Even Tse Lu was shaken.—­“Is it for the Princely Man,” said he, “to suffer the pinch of privation?”—­“Privation may come his way,” Confucius answered; “but only the vulgar grow reckless and demoralized under it.”  So saying he took his lute and sang to them, and hearing him they forgot to fear.  Meanwhile one of the party had won through the lines, and brought word to Ts’u of the Master’s plight; whereat the king sent a force to his relief, and came out from the capital to receive him in state.  The king’s intentions were good; but we have seen how his ministers intrigued and diverted them.  In the autumn of that year he died, having become somewhat estranged from the Master.  His successor was one from whom no good could be expected, and Confucius returned to Wei.

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* Ancient China Simplified:  by Prof.  E. Harper Parker; from
which book the account of the political condition and divisions
of the empire given in these lectures is drawn.
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Duke Ling was dead, and his grandson, Chuh, was on the throne.  There had been a complication of family crimes plottings:  Chuh had driven out his father, who in turn had attempted the life of his own mother, Nantse.  Chuh wished to employ Confucius, but not to forgo his evil courses:  it was a situation that could not be sanctioned.  For six years the Master lived in retirement in Wei, watching events, and always sanguine that his chance would come.  He was not sixty-nine years old; but hoped to begin his life’s work presently.

Then suddenly he was in demand,—­in two quarters.  There was a sort of civil war in Wei, and the chief of one of the factions came to him for advice as to the best means of attacking the other.  Confucius was disgusted.  Meanwhile Lu had been at war with Ts’i; and Yen Yu, a Confucianist, put in command of the Lu troops, had been winning all the victories in sight.  Marquis Ting now slept with his fathers, and Marquis Gae reigned in his stead; also there was a new Chief of Clan Chi to run things:—­ Gae to reign, Chi to rule.  They asked Yen Yu where he had learned his so victorious