The idea and representation of Artemis as [Greek] (many-breasted), ’we are told, was borrowed from the East, a large term.’  I say ’she is even blended in ritual with a monstrous many-breasted divinity of Oriental religion.’ {139b} Is this ‘large term’ too vague?  Then consider the Artemis of Ephesus and ‘the alabaster statuette of the goddess’ in Roscher’s Lexikon, p. 558.  Compare, for an Occidental parallel, the many-breasted goddess of the maguey plant, in Mexico. {140} Our author writes, ’we are told that Artemis’s most ancient history is to be studied in Arkadia.’  My words are, ’The Attic and Arcadian legends of Artemis are confessedly among the oldest.’  Why should ‘Attic’ and the qualifying phrase be omitted?

Otfried Muller

Mr. Max Muller goes on—­citing, as I also do, Otfried Muller:—­’Otfried Muller in 1825 treated the same myth without availing himself of the light now to be derived from the Cahrocs and the Kamilarois.  He quoted Pausanias as stating that the tumulus of Kallisto was near the sanctuary of Artemis Kalliste, and he simply took Kallisto for an epithet of Artemis, which, as in many other cases, had been taken for a separate personality.’  Otfried also pointed out, as we both say, that at Brauron, in Attica, Artemis was served by young maidens called [Greek] (bears); and he concluded, ’This cannot possibly be a freak of chance, but the metamorphosis [of Kallisto] has its foundation in the fact that the animal [the bear] was sacred to the goddess.’

Thus it is acknowledged that Artemis, under her name of Callisto, was changed into a she-bear, and had issue, Arkas—­whence the Arcadians.  Mr. Max Muller proceeds (ii. 734)—­’He [Otfried] did not go so far as some modern mythologists who want us to believe that originally the animal, the she-bear, was the goddess, and that a later worship had replaced the ancient worship of the animal pur et simple.’

Did I, then, tell anybody that ‘originally the she-bear was the goddess’?  No, I gave my reader, not a dogma, but the choice between two alternative hypotheses.  I said, ’It will become probable that the she-bear actually was the goddess at an extremely remote period, or at all events that the goddess succeeded to, and threw her protection over, an ancient worship of the animal’ (ii. 212, 213).

Mr. Max Muller’s error, it will be observed, consists in writing ‘and’ where I wrote ‘or.’  To make such rather essential mistakes is human; to give references is convenient, and not unscholarly.

In fact, this is Mr. Max Muller’s own opinion, for he next reports his anonymous author (myself) as saying (’we are now told’), ’though without any reference to Pausanias or any other Greek writers, that the young maidens, the [Greek], when dancing around Artemis, were clad in bearskins, and that this is a pretty frequent custom in the dances of totemic races.  In support of this, however,