for her own eating, not exceeding three lambes for this whole year, notwithstanding any declaration of the said Commissioners of Parliament to the contrary.’[A] This privilege was granted to Mrs. Buckley in consideration of ‘her old age and weakness of body.’  In 1654 the Irish revenue from all sources was only 198,000 l., while the cost of the army was 500,000 l.  A sort of conditional amnesty was granted from necessity, pending the decision of Parliament, and on May 12, 1652, the Leinster army of the Irish surrendered on terms signed at Kilkenny, which were adopted successively by the other principal armies between that time and the September following, when the Ulster forces surrendered.  By these Kilkenny articles, all except those who were guilty of the first blood were received into protection on laying down their arms; those who should not be satisfied with the conclusions the Parliament might come to concerning the Irish nation, and should desire to transport themselves with their men to serve any foreign state in amity with the Parliament, should have liberty to treat with their agents for that purpose.  But the Commissioners undertook faithfully to mediate with the Parliament that they might enjoy such a remnant of their lands as might make their lives comfortable at home, or be enabled to emigrate.

[Footnote 1:  Prendergast, the Cromwellian Settlement, p.16.]

The Cromwellian administration in Ireland effected a revolution unparalleled in history.  Its proceedings have been well summarised by Mr. Darcy Magee:—­

The Long Parliament, still dragging out its days under the shadow of Cromwell’s great name, declared in its session of 1652 the rebellion in Ireland ‘subdued and ended,’ and proceeded to legislate for that kingdom as a conquered country.  On August 12 they passed their Act of Settlement, the authorship of which was attributed to Lord Orrery, in this respect the worthy son of the first Earl of Cork.  Under this act there were four chief descriptions of persons whose status was thus settled:  1.  All ecclesiastics and royalist proprietors were exempted from pardon of life or estate. 2.  All royalist commissioned officers were condemned to banishment, and the forfeit of two-thirds of their property, one-third being retained for the support of their wives and children. 3.  Those who had not been in arms, but could be shown, by a parliamentary commission, to have manifested ’a constant, good affection’ to the war, were to forfeit one-third of their estates, and receive ‘an equivalent’ for the remaining two-thirds west of the Shannon. 4.  All husbandmen and others of the inferior sort, ’not possessed of lands or goods exceeding the value of 10 l.,’ were to have a free pardon, on condition also of transporting themselves across the Shannon.