“Chief,” but not the only means.  “Fasting,” especially the fasts imposed by the Church—­in Lent for instance.  Lent is the forty days before Easter Sunday during which we fast and pray to prepare ourselves for the resurrection of Our Lord, and also to remind us of His own fast of forty days before His Passion.  “Almsgiving”—­that is, money or goods given to the poor.  “Spiritual” works of mercy are those good works we do for persons’ souls.  “Corporal” works of mercy are those we do for their bodies.  “Ills of life”—­sickness or poverty or misfortune, especially when we have not brought them upon ourselves by sin.

222 Q. Which are the chief spiritual works of mercy?  A. The chief spiritual works of mercy are seven:  to admonish the sinner, to instruct the ignorant, to counsel the doubtful, to comfort the sorrowful, to bear wrongs patiently, to forgive all injuries, and to pray for the living and the dead.

“To admonish the sinner.”  If we love our neighbor we should help him in his distress, even when it is an inconvenience to us.  We should help him also to correct his faults, we should point them out and warn him of them.  We are obliged to do so in the following circumstances:  First.  When his fault is a mortal sin.  Second.  When we have some authority or influence over him.  Third.  When there is reason to believe that our warning will make him better instead of worse.  If our advice only makes him worse, then we should not say anything to him about his fault, but keep out of his company ourselves.  “Ignorant” especially in their religion.  “Doubtful” about something in religion which you can explain and make clear to them.  “Comfort,” saying kind words of encouragement to them.  “Wrongs,” things not deserved; for example, persons talking ill about us, accusing us falsely, etc.; but if the false accusations, etc., are going to give scandal, then we must defend ourselves against them.  If, for instance, lies were told about the father of a family, and it were likely all his children would believe them and lose their respect for his authority, then he must let them know the truth.  But when we patiently suffer wrongs that injure only ourselves, and that are known only to God and ourselves, God sees our sufferings and rewards us.  What matters it what people think we are if God knows all our doings and is pleased with them?  “Living”—­especially for the conversion of sinners, or for those who are on their deathbed.  “The dead”—­those suffering in Purgatory, especially if we have ever caused them to sin.

223 Q. Which are the chief corporal works of mercy?  A. The chief corporal works of mercy are seven:  to feed the hungry, to give drink to the thirsty, to clothe the naked, to ransom the captive, to harbor the harborless, to visit the sick, and to bury the dead.