says Walpole, who knew him well, “gave him the perpetual air of a solicitor....  He had no pride, though infinite self-love.  He loved business immoderately; yet was only always doing it, never did it.  When left to himself, he always plunged into difficulties, and then shuddered for the consequences.”  Walpole gives an anecdote showing the state of his ideas on colonial matters.  General Ligonier suggested to him that Annapolis ought to be defended.  “To which he replied with his lisping, evasive hurry:  ’Annapolis, Annapolis!  Oh, yes, Annapolis must be defended,—­where is Annapolis?’"[181] Another contemporary, Smollett, ridicules him in his novel of Humphrey Clinker, and tells a similar story, which, founded in fact or not, shows in what estimation the minister was held:  “Captain C. treated the Duke’s character without any ceremony.  ‘This wiseacre,’ said he, ’is still abed; and I think the best thing he can do is to sleep on till Christmas; for when he gets up he does nothing but expose his own folly.  In the beginning of the war he told me in a great fright that thirty thousand French had marched from Acadia to Cape Breton.  Where did they find transports? said I.—­Transports! cried he, I tell you they marched by land.—­By land to the island of Cape Breton!—­What, is Cape Breton an island?—­Certainly.—­Ha! are you sure of that?—­When I pointed it out on the map, he examined it earnestly with his spectacles; then, taking me in his arms,—­My dear C., cried he, you always bring us good news.  Egad!  I’ll go directly and tell the King that Cape Breton is an island.’”

[Footnote 181:  Walpole, George II., I. 344.]

His wealth, county influence, flagitious use of patronage, and long-practised skill in keeping majorities in the House of Commons by means that would not bear the light, made his support necessary to Pitt himself, and placed a fantastic political jobber at the helm of England in a time when she needed a patriot and a statesman.  Newcastle was the growth of the decrepitude and decay of a great party, which had fulfilled its mission and done its work.  But if the Whig soil had become poor for a wholesome crop, it was never so rich for toadstools.

Sir Thomas Robinson held the Southern Department, charged with the colonies; and Lord Mahon remarks of him that the Duke had achieved the feat of finding a secretary of state more incapable than himself.  He had the lead of the House of Commons.  “Sir Thomas Robinson lead us!” said Pitt to Henry Fox; “the Duke might as well send his jackboot to lead us.”  The active and aspiring Halifax was at the head of the Board of Trade and Plantations.  The Duke of Cumberland commanded the army,—­an indifferent soldier, though a brave one; harsh, violent, and headlong.  Anson, the celebrated navigator, was First Lord of the Admiralty,—­a position in which he disappointed everybody.