should be matters of the most enthralling interest,
in which he is eager to take his part and increasingly
capable of doing so. In the Montessori system
there is provided an elaborate apparatus, the didactic
material, designed to cultivate tactile sensation and
the perception of sense stimuli. It will generally
suffice to advise the mother to make use of the ordinary
apparatus of the nursery. The imitativeness of
the young child is so great that he will repeat in
almost every detail all the actions of his nurse as
she carries out the daily routine. At eighteen
months of age, when the electric light is turned on
in his nursery, the child will at once go to the curtains
and make attempts to draw them. At the same age
a little girl will weigh her doll in her own weighing-machine,
will take every precaution that the nurse takes in
her own case, and will even stoop down anxiously to
peer at the dial, just as she has seen her mother and
nurse do on the weekly weighing night. But at
a very early age children appreciate the difference
between the real and the make-believe. They desire
above all things to do acts of real service.
At the age of two a child should know where every article
for the nursery table is kept. He will fetch
the tablecloth and help to put it in place, spoons
and cups and saucers will be carried carefully to the
table, and when the meal is over he will want to help
to clear it all away. All this is to him a great
delight, and the good nurse will encourage it in the
children, because she sees that in doing so they gain
quickness and dexterity and poise of body. The
first purposive movements of the child should be welcomed
and encouraged. It is foolish and wrong to repress
them, as many nurses do, because the child in his
attempts gets in the way, and no doubt for a time delays
rather than expedites preparations. The child
who is made to sit immobile in his chair while everything
is done for him is losing precious hours of learning
and of practice. It is useless, and to my mind
a little distasteful, to substitute for all this wonderful
child activity the artificial symbolism of the kindergarten
school in which children are taught to sing songs
or go through certain semi-dramatic activities which
savour too much of a performance acquired by precise
instruction. If such accomplishments are desired,
they may be added to, but they must not replace, the
more workaday activities of the little child.
The child whose impulses towards purposive action are
encouraged is generally a happy child, with a mind
at rest. When those impulses are restrained,
mental unrest and irritability are apt to appear,
and toys and picture books and kindergarten games will
not be sufficient to restore his natural peace of
mind.
(b) the suggestibility of the child