[Footnote 43:  The Dabist[=a]n, without any animus, reports of the C[=a]ktas of the seventeenth century that “Civa is, in their opinion, with little exception, the highest of the deities” (II. 7).  Williams calls C[=a]ktaism “a mere offshoot of Civaism” Religious Thought and Life, p. 184.]

[Footnote 44:  The Dabist[=a]n rather assumes as a matter of course that a body of Yogis would kill and eat a boy of the Mohammedan faith (II. 12); but here the author may be prejudiced.]

     [Footnote 45:  The present sect of this name consists only of
     a few miserable mendicants, particularly savage and filthy
     (Wilson).]

     [Footnote 46:  All of them now represent Cakti, the female
     principle.  Linga-worship has also its counterpart,
     Bhaga-worship (here Yoni), perhaps represented by the altar
     itself.  Compare the Dabist[=a]n, II. 7, on the Civaite
     interpretation of the Mohammedan altar.  To Durga human
      beings were always sacrificed.  After mentioning a gold idol
     of Durg[=a] (to whom men were sacrificed yearly), the author
     adds:  “Even now they sacrifice in every village of the
     Kohistan of Nandapur and the country adjacent, a man of
     good family” (ib.).  Durg[=a] {above, p. 416) is Vishnu’s
      sister.]

[Footnote 47:  The sexual antithesis, so unimportant in the earliest Aryan nature-hymns, becomes more and more pronounced in the liturgical hymns of the Rig Veda, and may be especially a trait of the older fire-cult in opposition to soma-cult (compare RV.  X. 18. 7).  At any rate it is significant that Yoni means the altar itself, and that in the fire-cult the production of fire is represented as resulting from the union of the male and female organs.]

[Footnote 48:  Nevertheless the Brahmanic, and even the Hinduistic, law-codes condemn all intoxicating liquors except in religious service.  To offer such drink to a man of the lower castes, even to a C[=u]dra, is punishable with a fine; but to offer intoxicating liquor to a priest is punishable with death (Vishnu, V. 100).]

[Footnote 49:  Formerly performed by the Kar[=a]ris.  “The C[=a]ktas hold the killing of a man to be permitted,” Dabist[=a]n, II. 7.  “Among them it is a meritorious act to sacrifice a man,” ib.]

     [Footnote 50:  Hence the name of K[=a][=n]culiyas
     [ka[=n]culi, a woman’s garment).]

[Footnote 51:  This has no parallel in Vishnuism except among some of the R[=a]dh[=a] devotees.  Among the R[=a]dh[=a] Vallabh[=i]s the vulgarities of the Civaites are quite equalled; and the assumption of women’s attire by the Sakh[=i] Bh[=a]vas of Benares and Bengal ushers in rites as coarse if less bloody than those of the Civaites.]

[Footnote 52:  Of course each god