are not on the same plane, or of ambitious zealots with reluctant conservatists.  Many join the church who are not qualified to appreciate the leader’s work.  They overload the founder’s deism with the sectarian theism from which they have not really freed themselves.  On the other hand, younger men, who have been educated in English colleges and are imbued with the spirit of practical reform, enter the church to use it as an instrument for social progress.  So the church is divided, theists and reformers both being at odds with the original deists; and the founder is lucky if he escapes being deified by one party and being looked upon by the other as too dull.[114]

India is no more prepared as a whole for the reception of the liberal views of the Sam[=a]j; than was the negro for the right to vote.  Centuries of higher preliminary education are needed before the people at large renounce their ancestral, their natural faith.  A few earnest men may preach deism; the people will remain polytheists and pantheists for many generations.  Then, again, the Sam[=a]jas have to contend not only with the national predisposition, but with every heretical sect, and, besides these, with the orthodox church.  But thus far their chief foe is, after all, their own heart as opposed to their head.  As long as deistic leaders are deified by their followers, and regard themselves as peculiarly inspired, they will preach in vain.  Nor can they with impunity favor the substitution of emotion for ideas in a land where religious emotion leads downwards as surely as falls a stone that is thrown.

* * * * *

FOOTNOTES: 

[Footnote 1:  In the following we keep to the practice we have adopted in the early part of the work, giving anglicized words without distinction of vowel-length, and anglicizing as far as possible, writing thus S[=a]nkhya but Sankhyan, Ved[=a]nta but Vedantist.  In modern proper names we have adopted in each case the most familiar form.]

     [Footnote 2:  Rig Veda, II. 12.  Compare X. 121.  We omit some
     of the verses.]

     [Footnote 3:  See note, p. 20, above.]

     [Footnote 4:  Metaphor from earthly fire-making; cloud and
     cliff (Ludwig); or, perhaps, heaven and earth.]

     [Footnote 5:  ‘Made low and put in concealment’ the D[=a]sa
     color, i.e. the black barbarians, the negroes.  ‘Color’
     might be translated ‘race’ (subsequently ’caste’).]

[Footnote 6:  D[=i]ce, vijas, literally ‘hoppers’ (and so sometimes, interpreted as birds).  The same figure occurs not infrequently.  Compare AV. iv. 16. 5, ak[s.][=a]n iva.  ‘Believe,’ cr[’a]d-dhatta, i.e., cred-(d)[=i]te, literally ‘put trust.’]

     [Footnote 7:  Sometimes rendered, “a true (laudation) if any
     is true.”]

     [Footnote 8:  viii. 100. 3-4.  The penultimate verse is
     literally ‘the direction(s) of the order magnify me,’ the
     order being that of the seasons and of seasonable rites.]