[Footnote 58:  Wilson draws an elaborate parallel between the Hol[=i] and the Lupercalia, etc. (Carnival).  But the points of contact are obvious.  One of the customs of the Hol[=i] celebration is an exact reproduction of April-Fool’s day.  Making “Hol[=i] fools” is to send people on useless errands, etc. (Festum Stultorum, at the Vernal Equinos, transferred by the Church to the first of November, “Innocents’ Day").]

     [Footnote 59:  Stevenson, JRAS. 1841, p. 239; Williams,
     loc. cit.; Wilkins, Modern Hinduism, ch.  III.]

     [Footnote 60:  The daily service consists in dressing,
     bathing, feeding, etc It is divided into eight ridiculous
     ceremonies, which prolong the worship through the day.]

[Footnote 61:  The brilliant displays attracted the notice of the Greeks, who speak of the tame tigers and panthers, the artificial trees carried in wagons, the singing, instrumental music, and noise, which signalized a fete procession.  See Williams, loc. cit.]

[Footnote 62:  Such, for instance, is the most holy temple of South India, the great temple of Cr[=i]rangam at Trichinopoly.  The idol car, gilded and gaudy, is carved with obscenity; the walls and ceilings are frescoed with bestiality.  It represents Vishnu’s heaven.]

     [Footnote 63:  From this name or title comes the Gita
     Govinda, a mystic erotic poem (in praise of the cow-boy god)
     exaltedly religious as it is sensual (twelfth century).]

     [Footnote 64:  VP.l. 2. 63.  The ‘qualities’ or ‘conditions’
     of God’s being are referred to by ‘goodness’ and
     ‘darkness.’]

     [Footnote 65:  All this erotic vulgarity is typical of the
     common poetry of the people, and is in marked contrast to
     the chivalrous, but not love-sick, Bh[=a]rata.]

[Footnote 66:  Compare Duncker, LII^5. p. 327, More doubtful is the identification of Nysian and Nish[=a]dan, ib. note.  Compare, also, Schroeder, loc. cit. p. 361.  Arrian calls (Civa) Dionysos the [Greek:  oitou dotera Iudeis] (Schwanbeck, Fig. 1.).]

     [Footnote 67:  This remains always as Civa’s heaven in
     distinction from Goloka or V[=a]ikuntha, Vishnu’s heaven. 
     Nowadays Benares is the chief seat of Civaism.]

[Footnote 68:  The doctrine of the immaculate conception, common to Vishnuism and Buddhism (above, p.431), can have no exact parallel in Civaism, for Civa is not born as a child; but it seems to be reflected in the laughable ascription of virginity to Um[=a] (Civa’s wife), when she is revered as the emblem of motherhood.]

     [Footnote 69:  In RV. v. 41. 4, the Vedic triad is Fire,
     Wind, and (Tr[=i]ta of the sky) Indra; elsewhere Fire, Wind,
     and Sun (above, p. 42), distinct from the triune fire.]