* * * * *

FOOTNOTES: 

[Footnote 1:  We take this opportunity of stating that by the religions of the Aryan Hindus we mean the religions of a people who, undoubtedly, were full-blooded Aryans at first, however much their blood may have been diluted later by un-Aryan admixture.  Till the time of Buddhism the religious literature is fairly Aryan.  In the period of “Hinduism” neither people nor religion can claim to be quite Aryan.]

[Footnote 2:  If, as thinks Schrader, the Aryans’ original seat was on the Volga, then one must imagine the Indo-Iranians to have kept together in a south-eastern emigration.]

     [Footnote 3:  That is to say, frequent reference is made to
     ‘five tribes.’  Some scholars deny that the tribes are Aryan
     alone, and claim that ‘five,’ like seven, means ‘many.’]

     [Footnote 4:  RV.  III. 33. 11; 53. 12.  Zimmer, Altindisches
     Leben, p. 160, incorrectly identifies vic with tribus
     (Leist, Rechtsgeschichte, p. 105).]

     [Footnote 5:  Vicv[=a]mitra.  A few of the hymns are not
     ascribed to priests at all (some were made by women; some by
     ‘royal-seers,’ i.e. kings, or, at least, not priests).]

[Footnote 6:  Caste, at first, means ‘pure,’ and signifies that there is a moral barrier between the caste and outcast.  The word now practically means class, even impure class.  The native word means ‘color,’ and the first formal distinction was national, (white) Aryan and ‘black-man.’  The precedent class-distinctions among the Aryans themselves became fixed in course of time, and the lines between Aryans, in some regards, were drawn almost as sharply as between Aryan and slave.]

     [Footnote 7:  Compare RV. iii. 33, and in I. 131. 5, the
     words:  ’God Indra, thou didst help thy suppliants; one river
     after another they gained who pursued glory.’]

     [Footnote 8:  Thomas, Rivers of the Vedas (JRAS. xv. 357
     ff.; Zimmer, loc. cit. cap. 1).]

     [Footnote 9:  Later called the Candrabh[=a]ga.  For the Jumna
     and Sarayu see below.]

     [Footnote 10:  This is the error into which falls Brunnhofer,
     whose theory that the Vedic Aryans were still settled near
     the Caspian has been criticised above (p. 15).]

     [Footnote 11:  Compare Geiger, Ostiranische Cultur, p. 81. 
     See also Muir, OST. ii. p. 355.]

     [Footnote 12:  Lassen, I. p. 616, decided in favor of the
     western passes of the Hindukush.]