[Footnote 31:  Some scholars think that the doctrine of Buddha resembles closely that of the S[=a]nkhya philosophy (so Barth, p. 116), but Mueller, Oldenberg, and others, appear to be right in denying this.  The Sankhyan ‘spirit’ has, for instance, nothing corresponding to it in Buddha’s system.]

[Footnote 32:  The twelve Nid[=a]nas are dogmatic, and withal not very logical.  “From ignorance arise forms, from forms arises consciousness, from consciousness arise name and bodiness; from name and bodiness arise the six senses (including understanding as the sixth) and their objects; from these arises contact; from this, feeling; from this, thirst; from this, clinging; from clinging arises becoming; from becoming arises birth; from birth arise age and sorrow.”  One must gradually free himself from the ten fetters that bind to life, and so do away with the first of these twelve Nid[=a]nas, ignorance.]

     [Footnote 33:  Mah[=a]vagga, X. 3 (SBE.  XVII. 306).]

     [Footnote 34 36 1:  Compare Kern, the Lotus, III. 21, and
     Fausboell, P[=a]r[=a]yana-sutta, 9 (1131), the “deep and
     lovely voice of Buddha.” (SBE.  XXI. 64, and X. 210.)]

     [Footnote 35:  As Southern Buddhists are reckoned those of
     Ceylon, Burmah, Siam, etc.]

     [Footnote 36:  As Northern Buddhists are reckoned those of
     Nep[=a]l, Tibet, China, Corea, Japan, Java, Sumatra, Annam,
     and Cambodia.]

[Footnote 37:  “Let your light so shine before the world, that you, having embraced the religious life according to so well-taught a doctrine and discipline, may be seen to be forbearing and mild.” (SBE.  XVII. 305, David’s and Oldenberg’s translation.)]

     [Footnote 38:  ’Removing pieces from a pile without moving
     the remainder’ must, we presume, be jackstraws.]

     [Footnote 39:  For instance, rules for eating, drinking
     (liquor), and for bathing.  The Buddhist monk, except in
     summer, bathed once a fortnight only.]

[Footnote 40:  No one is so holy that sin does not hurt him, according to Buddhistic belief.  The Brahman, on the contrary, was liable to become so holy that he could commit any sin and it did not affect his virtue, which he stored up in a heap by cumulative asceticism.]

[Footnote 41:  The offering and reception of gifts is always accompanied with water, both in Buddhistic and Brahmanic circles.  Whether this was a religious act or a legal sign of surrender we have not been able to discover.  Perhaps it arose simply from water always being offered as refreshment to a guest (with fruit), as a sign of guest-friendship.]

     [Footnote 42:  Sakyaputtiya Samanas, i.e., Buddhists.]