Buddha remains under the bo-tree fasting, for four times seven days, or seven times seven, as says the later report.  At first he resolves to be a ’Buddha for himself.’[11] that is to save only himself, not to be ‘the universal Buddha,’ who converts and saves the world.  But the God Brahm[=a] comes down from heaven and persuades him out of pity for the world to preach salvation.  In this legend stands out clearly the same fact we have animadverted upon already.  Buddha had at first no intention of helping his fellows.  He found his own road to salvation.  That sufficed.  But eventually he was moved through pity for his kind to give others the same knowledge with which he had been enlightened.[12]

Here is to be noticed with what suddenness Gautama becomes Buddha.  It is an early case of the same absence of study or intellectual preparation for belief that is rampant in the idea of ictic conversion.  In a moment Gautama’s eyes are opened.  In ecstacy he becomes illuminated with the light of knowledge.  This idea is totally foreign to Brahmanism.  It is not so strange at an earlier stage, for the Vedic poet often ‘sees’ his hymn,[13] that is, he is inspired or illumined.  But no Brahman priest was ever ‘enlightened’ with sudden wisdom, for his knowledge was his wisdom, and this consisted in learning interminable trifles.  But the wisdom of Buddha was this: 

     I. Birth is sorrow, age is sorrow, sickness is sorrow, death
     is sorrow, clinging to earthly things is sorrow.

     II.  Birth and re-birth, the chain of reincarnations, result
     from the thirst for life together with passion and desire.

     III.  The only escape from this thirst is the annihilation of
     desire.

IV.  The only way of escape from this thirst is by following the Eightfold Path:  Right belief, right resolve, right word, right act, right life, right effort, right thinking, right meditation.[14]

But Buddha is said to have seen more than these, the Four Great Truths, and the Eightfold Path, for he was enlightened at the same time (after several days of fasting) in regard to the whole chain of causality which is elaborated in the later tradition.

The general result of this teaching may be formulated thus, that most people are foolishly optimistic and that the great awakening is to become a pessimist.  One must believe not only that pain is inseparable from existence, but that the pleasures of life are only a part of its pain.  When one has got so far along the path of knowledge he traverses the next stage and gets rid of desire, which is the root of life,—­this is a Vedic utterance,—­till by casting off desire, ignorance, doubt, and heresy, as add some of the texts,[15] one has removed far away all unkindness and vexation of soul, feeling good-will to all.