But if the Jain may kill himself, he may not kill or injure anything else.  Not even food prepared over a fire is acceptable, lest he hurt the ‘fire-beings,’ for as he believes in water-beings, so he believes in fire-beings, wind-beings, etc.  Every plant and seed is holy with the sacredness of life.  He may not hurt or drive away the insects that torment his naked flesh.  ‘Patience is the highest good,’ he declares, and the rules for sitting and lying conclude with the statement that not to move at all, not to stir, is the best rule.  To lie naked, bitten by vermin, and not to disturb them, is religion.  Like a true Puritan, the Jain regards pleasure in itself as sinful.  “What is discontent, and what is pleasure?  One should live subject to neither.  Giving up all gaiety, circumspect, restrained, one should lead a religious life.  Man!  Thou art thine own friend; why longest thou for a friend beyond thyself?...  First troubles, then pleasures; first pleasures, then troubles.  These are the cause of quarrels.”  And again, “Let one think, ‘I am I.’” i.e., let one be dependent on himself alone.  When a Jain monk or nun hears that there is to be a festival (perhaps to the gods, to Indra, Skahda, Rudra, Vishnu,[25] or the demons, as in [=A]c[=a]r[=a]nga S[=u]tra, ii. 1. 2) he must not go thither; he must keep himself from all frivolities and entertainments.  During the four months of the rainy season he is to remain in one place,[26] but at other times, either naked or attired in a few garments, he is to wander about begging.  In going on his begging tour he is not to answer questions, nor to retort if reviled.  He is to speak politely (the formulae for polite address and rude address are given), beg modestly, and not render himself liable to suspicion on account of his behavior when in the house of one of the faithful.  Whatever be the quality of the food he must eat it, if it be not a wrong sort.  Rice and beans are especially recommended to him.  The great Teacher Jn[=a]triputra (Mah[=a]v[=i]ra), it is said, never went to shows, pantomines, boxing-matches, and the like; but, remaining in his parents’ house till their death, that he might not grieve his mother, at the age of twenty-eight renounced the world with the consent of the government, and betook himself to asceticism; travelling naked (after a year of clothes) into barbarous lands, but always converting and enduring the reproach of the wicked.  He was beaten and set upon by sinful men, yet was he never moved to anger.  Thus it was that he became the Arhat, the Jina, the Kevalin (perfect sage).[27] It is sad to have to add, however, that Mah[=a]v[=i]ra is traditionally said to have died in a fit of apoplectic rage.

The equipment of a monk are his clothes (or, better, none), his alms-bowl, broom, and veil.  He is ‘unfettered,’ in being without desires and without injury to others.  ’Some say that all sorts of living beings may be slain, or abused, or tormented, or driven away—­the doctrine of the unworthy.  The righteous man does not kill nor cause others to kill.  He should not cause the same punishment for himself.’