heart.  After various attempts to get themselves reinstated, their feelings toward the nation, which was nowise to blame for the excessive zeal of its public servants, underwent a radical change.  Blazing indignation consumed whatever affection they had originally nurtured for the French, and in many cases also for the other Allies, and they went home to communicate their animus to their countrymen.  The soldiers, who now began to be taunted and vilipended as Boches, threw all discipline to the winds and, feeling every hand raised against them, resolved to raise their hands against every man.  These were the beginnings of the process of “bolshevization.”

This anti-Russian spirit grew intenser as time lapsed.  Thousands of Russian soldiers were sent out to work for private employers, not by the War Ministry, but by the Ministry of Agriculture, under whom they were placed.  They were fed and paid a wage which under normal circumstances should have contented them, for it was more than they used to receive in pre-war days in their own country.  But the circumstances were not normal.  Side by side with them worked Frenchmen, many of whom were unable physically to compete with the sturdy peasants from Perm and Vyatka.  And when propagandists pointed out to them that the French worker was paid 100 per cent. more, they brooded over the inequality and labeled it as they were told.  For overwork, too, the rate of pay was still more unequal.  One result of this differential treatment was the estrangement of the two races as represented by the two classes of workmen, and the growth of mutual dislike.  But there was another.  When they learned, as they did in time, that the employer was selling the produce of their labor at a profit of 400 and 500 per cent., they had no hesitation about repeating the formulas suggested to them by socialist propagandists:  “We are working for bloodsuckers.  The bourgeois must be exterminated.”  In this way bitterness against the Allies and hatred of the capitalists were inculcated in tens of thousands of Russians who a few months before were honest, simple-minded peasants and well-disciplined soldiers.  Many of these men, when they returned to their country, joined the Red Guards of Bolshevism with spontaneous ardor.  They needed no pressing.

There was one young officer of the Guards, in particular, named G——­, who belonged to a very good family and was an exceptionally cultured gentleman.  Music was his recreation, and he was a virtuoso on the violin.  In the war he had distinguished himself first on the Russian front and then on the French.  He had given of his best, for he was grievously wounded, had his left hand paralyzed, and lost his power of playing the violin forever.  He received a high decoration from the French government.  For the English nation he professed and displayed great affection, and in particular he revered King George, perhaps because of his physical resemblance to the Tsar.  And when King George was to visit Paris he rejoiced